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waves properties - Coggle Diagram
waves properties
frequency
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the period of a wave is the time taken for each wave to pass a fixed point. For waves of Frequency (f), the period T is given by the equation
The formula for frequency is: f (frequency) = 1 / T (period). f = c / λ = wave speed c (m/s) / wavelength λ (m). The formula for time is: T (period) = 1 / f (frequency).
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wave speed
the speed of the waves is the distance travelled by each wave every second through a medium. Energy is transferred by the waves at this speed
For waves of constant frequency, the speed of the waves depends on the frequency and the wavelength
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Wave speed is the distance a wave travels in a given amount of time, such as the number of meters it travels per second
The Nature of Waves
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Transverse Waves
the waves on a rope and the ripples on the surface of water called transverse waves because the vibrations (called oscillations) move up and down or from side to side . all electromagnetic waves are transverse waves
Longitudinal Waves
the oscillations are parallel to the direction in which the waves transfer energy. waves that travel in this way are called longitudinal waves
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when an object vibrates in air, it makes the air around it vibrate as it pushes and pulls on the air.
the oscillations (compressions and rarefactions) that travel through the air are sound waves. The oscillations are along the direction in which the waves travels
materials and waves
when a wave is directed at a substance, some or all of them may be absorbed by the substance
as waves travel through a substance, the amplitude of the waves gradually decreases as the substances absorbs some of the wave's energy
waves that are no absorbed by the substance they are travelling through are transmitted by it. For example, light is mostly transmitted by ordinary glass, but is almost completely absorbed by darkened glass
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Refraction
deflection from a straight path undergone by a light ray or energy wave in passing obliquely from one medium (such as air) into another (such as glass) in which its velocity is different.
the refracted waves and the incident waves have the same frequency, but they travel at a different speeds, so they have different wavelengths