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the structure and functions of the musculo-skeletal system - Coggle Diagram
the structure and functions of the musculo-skeletal system
what is the musculo-skeletal system
where muscle groups working together like for example the bicep and the tricep to move the elbow.
the joints, bones and skeletal muscles of the body comprise your musculo-skeletal system
the main functions of these components working together is to create movement, but they also work to provide stability, posture, and protection
the functions of the skeleton for sport
a framework for your body
bones protect the vital organs
cranium (skull) protects the brain
the thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae protects the spinal cord
ribs protect the internal organs like the heart and the lungs
allow muscles to attach somewhere
muscles are attached by tendons
the bones act as anchors that muscles can pull on as they move
create joints which allow movement
joints let the body make a variety of movements
joints work together with bones and muscles to form levers, so that a small force can generate a much bigger force somewhere else
for example, when you kick a football, this sort of lever turns the small movements in your leg muscles into large movements at the end of your leg
can store minerals
the bones can act as a store for calcium and phosphorus
the 2 minerals that are needed for developing and maintaining strong and healthy bones
You need sufficient calcium to keep your bones healthy and vitamin D to help your body absorb calcium.
phosphorus also helps reduce muscle pain after a hard workout
red and white blood cell production
some bones have hollow centres that hold bone marrow.
bone marrow makes most of the cells of the blood including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Super Star Pele Makes Many Passes.
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Support ,Shape, Protection, Movement, Mineral storage , Production of blood cells
types of movement :
rotation
Rotation of the shoulder = forming a circular motion with the arm (as you would when performing a serve in tennis).
Rotation in the case of a ball and socket joint is known as circumduction.
circumduction
adduction
Adduction of the shoulder = bringing your arm down to your side.
Adduction of the hip = bringing your leg down towards your opposing leg
dorsi-flexion
Movement in the ankle that causes the toes to point upwards.
extension
Extension of the elbow = straightening the elbow.
Extension of the knee = straightening the knee.
Extension of the hip = pushing your heel back behind you.
Extension of the shoulder = pushing your arm back behind you.
plantar-flexion
Plantar flexion = pointed toe.
flexion
Flexion of the elbow = bending the elbow.
Flexion of the knee = bending the knee.
Flexion of the hip = raising your knee out in front of you.
Flexion of the shoulder = raising your arm out in front of you.
abduction
Abduction of the shoulder = raising your arm out to the side.
Abduction of the hip = raising your leg out to the side.
Abduction = take away.
joints of the skeletal system
a joints is a place where two or more bones meet
they are important for movement and rotation
classification of joints
pivot
allow the bones to rotate.
one bone shaped like a cylinder rotates inside another bone or ligaments that makes a ring round it.
pivots joints are found in the wrist, elbow and neck
allows your head to move side to side
hinge
it allows pnly backwards and forward motion- just like a hinge on a door
can be found in the elbow, knee and the ankle
they allow flexion and extension of the joint
at the ankle it allows plantar flexion= toes pointed downwards. toes when pointed upwards = dorsiflexion
ball and socket
can be found at the shoulder and hip and allows almost movement in all direction
it is made up of a rounded head of a long bone (ball) fits into a cup-shaped hole (socket)
in both the hip and shoulder the bones are covered with cartilage and reinforced with ligaments
the shoulder joint has more freedom than the hip and is capable of more variety and a bigger range of movements
condyloid
is found at the wrist
it allows you to flex and extend
allows you to move your wrist from side to side
its similar to a ball and socket joint. but the ball rests against the end of a bone, rather than inside a socket. which allows circular motion
you can bend (flexion) and straighten it (extension)
can also trun it inwards (adduction) and outwards (abduction)
this allows complex movements such as a bowler spins a cricket ball
importance for sport.
you need muscular strength and muscular endurance to be good at the sport
bones, joints and muscles together from the structure of the body anatomy
Bones
There are four classifications (types) of bone:
Long bones
The humerus and femur are examples of long bones.
Long bones are found in limbs (arms or legs). They are used for movement, shape, blood cell production and mineral storage.
Short bones
The carpals and tarsals are examples of short bones.
Short bones are found in the hands and the feet. They are used for shape and small movements.
Flat bones
The scapula, sternum and cranium are examples of flat bones.
Flat bones are found near vital (important) organs. They are mainly needed for protection.
Irregular bones
The vertebrae are examples of irregular bones.
They are used for small movements and protection.
Hands and Feet
The hand contains carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. The foot also has phalanges, together with tarsals and metatarsals. Carpals and tarsals are short bones, the rest are long bones.
Hand
Carpals form the wrist, metacarpals branch out from the wrist and phalanges are finger bones.
Foot
Tarsals form the ankle, metatarsals branch out from the ankle and phalanges are in the toes.
You can remember that tarsals and metatarsals are in the foot because there is a T in tarsals and in toes.
