Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

The Northern Renaissance, Emil_Nolde_1915_Die_Grablegung_Begravelsen_The…

- - - - As the war dragged on, many Italian artists and writers left for a safer life in northern Europe.
        
        They brought with them the styles and techniques of the Italian Renaissance.
        
        What styles and techniques did they bring?
        
        Northern European artists who studied in Italy carried Renaissance ideas back to their homelands.
        
        Origins
        
        What did this help change and develop?
        
        Famous Artists Throughout History
        
        War
  - - - The first great Flemish Renaissance painter was Jan van Eyck.
        
        Van Eyck used recently developed oil-based paints to develop techniques that painters still use.
        
        By applying layer upon layer of paint, van Eyck was able to create a variety of subtle colors in clothing and jewels.
        
        Oil painting became popular and spread to Italy.
        
        Change
        
        What about oil paint made it so much more realistic?
        
        In addition to new techniques, van Eyck’s paintings display unusually realistic details and reveal the personality of their subjects.
        
        His work influenced later artists in northern Europe.
        
        Flemish painting reached its peak after 1550 with the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
        
        Bruegel was also interested in realistic details and individual people.
        
        He was very skillful in portraying large numbers of people.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Question: What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
        Answer: Merchants and church leaders paid to have portraits made of themselves. They wanted to be remembered for a long time so they wanted the painting to look like them. Another factor would be the new technique of oil painting, which made it possible to use more colors. New techniques made it so the art could be more realistic.
  - - - After returning to Germany, Dürer produced woodcuts and engravings.
        
        Exploration
      - Many of his prints portray religious subjects. Others portray classical myths or realistic landscapes.
        
        The popularity of Dürer’s work helped to spread Renaissance styles.
        
        Dürer’s emphasis upon realism influenced the work of another German artist, Hans Holbein the Younger.
        
        Holbein specialized in painting portraits that are almost photographic in detail.
        
        He emigrated to England where he painted portraits of King Henry VIII and other members of the English royal family.
        
        What are the names of his paintings?
- - - - The rulers supported the artists by buying their work
        
        Francis 1 of France invited Da Vinchi to retire in France
        
        Also hired italian artists and architects to rebuild and decorate his castle at Fontainebleau
        
        Became a big showcase for renaissance art
        
        Renaissance ideas spread out of italy and mixed with the northern traditions
        
        Da Vinchi
        
        Who was Da Vinchi?
      - This happened first in Flanders
        
        Flanders became rich from trade and cloth industry
      - Why and how did an increase in wealth affect the spread of the renaissance?
        
        An increase in wealth affected the spread because when more people had more money they could buy more paintings form artists. Things and ideas can't be spread if people don't see them and don't know about them. With more people buying paintings and paying artists to build things the ideas were spread.
  - - - When the one hundred years war ended in 1453 Cities started to grow rapidly.
        
        As wealth increased in parts of northern Europe patronage of artists increased as well
        
        Northern renaissance developed their own character
        
        The view of renaissance ideals of human dignity inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform
        
        Artists were really into realism
        
        How did the Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?
        
        In Italy people sponsored the artists with the increasing wealth and visualized reality through perspective proportions and human anatomy. The northern renaissance educated people combined classical learning with interest in religious ideas.
- - - - The Chinese originally invented the Printing Press
        
        They then inked the block
        
        Finally the inked block would be printed on paper
        
        A printer carved words or letters on a wooden block
    - - Chinese found this impractical - as there were thousand of different characters
      - There was about 54 678 characters in the Chinese language at this time
      - This uses a separate piece of type for each character in a language
    - - It used a smaller amount of just numbers and letters.
    - - Could not be mass produced
      - Paper could be produced quickly and inexpensively
      - Parchment was expensive
      - Helped produce whole books
      - What ink was used on parchment paper that made it permanent?
      - Was the parchment paper used in this time the same as the parchment paper we know of today?
  - - - European printers began to use block printing to creates whole pages to be binding into books
      - This process was too slow for Renaissance demand for knowledge and information
    - - Around 1440 - Johann Gutenburg develops printing press with many new technologies
        
        This process made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
        
        Guttenburgs invention included replacing wood with metal
        
        He was a craftsman from Mainz, Germany
        
        He invented he own ink that responded well with the metal blocks
    - - 1455 - Was the year off the first completed full size book printed on Gutenberg’s press
      - Why do you think the Bible was the first book printed with movable type?
        
        Most europeans were religious, which means that the Bible was the most in demand book. It was the the book that Europeans felt they needed the absolute most.
      - How did the printing press affect the wholesome of the church?
  - - - Information became much easier to access during this time, just as the internet makes information even easier to access today.
    - - Throughout time, we can see a common theme, or pattern of the printing press. As time goes on the printing press is tweaked and innovated to slowly but surely improve its usability and function
- - - - The Renaissance spread to England
        
        The period was known as the Elizabethan Age, after Queen Elizabeth I
      - The vast majority of Europeans, more than 75% lived in rural areas
    - - The population of London stood at about 200,000 making it perhaps the largest city in Europe
        
        Elizabeth reigned from 1558 to 1603
  - - - He was the most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age
      - Many people regarded him as the greatest playwright of all time
      - He was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, A small town about 90 miles northwest of London.
        
        By 1592 he was living in London and writing poems and plays
        
        Soon he would be performing at the Globe Theater
- - - - the importance of humanism was education
        
        the education was promoted to women and schools were founded for both girls and boys
  - - - The book poked fun at many things such as:
        
        greety merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests
        
        https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erasmus-Dutch-humanist
      - He believed in Christianty of the heart
        
        He thought that in order for everyone to improve society, that they needed to study the bible
    - - He wrote the book, "Utopia" in 1516
        
        The book was about a land
        
        The land was weeded out of corruption, greed, and war fare
        
        In the book Utopia had little greed, which meant they had little to nose use for money
        
        https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-More-English-humanist-and-statesman
  - - - Families that could affod school usually only sent their sons to school
        
        A women named Chrirstine de Pizan spoke out against the practice
        
        Christine was highly educated and was one of the first women to earn a living as a writer
        
        She wrote mainly in french and produced many books, such as:
        
        She mainly wrote more about the objections that men had over women
        
        She was one of the first writers to question different treatment of boys to girls
        
        1 more item...
        
        short stories, biographies, novels and manual for military tecniques