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Ecosystem, Species and their Populations - Coggle Diagram
Ecosystem, Species and their Populations
Biotic Components
Abiotic components
Types
Marine Ecosystems
Salinity
Temperature
pH
Dissolved Oxygen
Wave Action
Freshwater Ecosystems
Turbidity
pH
Flow Velocity
Temperature & DO
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Wind Speed
Soil Moisture
Light Intensity
Soil Particle size
Temperature
soil mineral content
Slope
Drainage (porosity)
Interactions in the Ecosystem
Competition (for food and space)
Interspecific
Slower growing Oak Trees will not compete with Birch trees at first but will soon overshadow the birch trees
Wrens and Robins are territorial. They establish territories with food and nesting sites that are defended by the males. Birds that don't establish a territory will be unable to find mates and food.
May result in either balance or competitive exclusion - Weeds in a garden - Either of the 2 scenarios is possible
How do species thrive when competition is high? Page 61- Oxford Textbook - Beech trees block sunlight to the forest floor, therefore, snowdrops, primroses and bluebells complete their yearly life cycles before shrubs and trees grow new leaves in spring
Intraspecific
Fast growing Birch trees compete for light
Page 60 (Oxford Textbook) - Figure 2.1.3 - Competition within a seagull colony
Tends to stabilise populations - produces something called sigmoid curves or S-shaped curves
What is the relationship between competition and species diversity?
Predation
Herbivory
Parasitism (Host deteriorates and Parasite flourishes)
Host-Parasite Relationship
Endoparasites
Tapeworm
Ectoparasites
Fleas and Ticks
Mutualism (beneficial to both) - Different from Commensalism
Lichens (Algae and fungus - their roles??)
Egyptian Plovers and Nile Crocodiles - Birds feed on parasites and food particles in the crocodile's mouth (Crocodile's teeth remain healthy) + Birds obtain their food
Habitat
Niche
(Special Space inhabited by a particular plant or animal)
Fundamental Niche
(Potential mode of existence of a species, given its adaptation)
Realised Niche
(A more restricted niche that results due to competition, natural phenomena or human intervention - Actual mode of existence that results due to adaptation and competition from other species - the actual lifestyle due to biotic interactions)
Niche
Partitioning
Why niche partitioning matters
