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GLANDS, THYROID GLAND, Pituitary gland, Adrenal glands, Pancreas - Coggle…
GLANDS
Exocrine glands- send secretions (enzymes) through ducts to the target organs
Example- Salivary glands and pancreas
Endocrine glands- ductless glands
secretions are called as hormones.
poured directly into the blood and are then carried by blood to the target organs
hormones are secreted in very small quantities, yet they are vital and are carried to all the parts of the body. Each have a specific function and effect can only be seen in one or more specific parts only.
Hormones is a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland, which is directly poured into the blood stream and acts on the target organ or cell.
THYROID GLAND
Bilobed gland, situated on either side of wind pipe, just below the larynx.
secretes- Thyroxine-
iodine containing protein.
Functions of Thyroxine:
1- speeds up the rate of most activities of the body.
2- Stimulates growth in infants.
Insufficient secretion:
1- simple goitre
caused- enlargement of thyroid gland
Appears as a swelling in neck
iodized salt and food is recommended as iodine is required in the production of Thyroxine.
2- Cretinism
brings abnormal development in an infant
results in both mental and physical retardation.
3- Myxoedema-
seen in adult
symptoms-
general sluggishness, swelling on face and hands
Oversecretion:
causes- increased metabolic rate, increased heart beat, weight loss and general restlessness.
Pituitary gland
pea- sized gland located below brain
many hormones
some regulates the activity of other glands.
hence, called MASTER GLAND
(GH) Growth hormone- regulate especially in adolescent years
insufficient secretion- dwarfism
over secretion- gigantism
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(FSH) Follicle secreting hormone- influence
sperms in males
ova in females
secretes hormones which cause contraction of the muscles of uterus during child birth.
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Adrenal glands
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part 1-
Medulla secretes-
epinephrine emergency hormone
adrenaline
conditions- severe stress (physical or emotional), fearful, angry.
to face danger or flee from the situation, hence called- fight or flight hormone
provides extra energy and strength to the body in any adverse situation
increases heart beat, rate of respiration, blood pressure and increased blood supply to the muscles and release more glucose in the blood by the liver.
part 2-
Adrenal Cortex
hormone- cortisone
influence carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism
regulate salt and water balance
adapt body to stresses like extreme hot, cold, infections etc.
Pancreas
hormone1- insulin lowers glucose from the bood
1- converts extra into glycogen which is then stored in liver and muscles
2- burns extra glucose to produce heat and energy
3- converts extra glucose into fats
insufficient secretion-
1- diabetes mellitus
has high concentration of sugar in blood
excretes great deal of urine loaded with sugar
feels thirsty because of loss of water through too much urination
loses weight and tends to become weak.
sometimes- glucose level comes down due to over secretion- have serious consequences.
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