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C2.01 The states of matter - Coggle Diagram
C2.01 The states of matter
Melting and freezing
Melting point
The temperature at which a pure substance turns to a liquid
Freezing point
The process is reversed at precisely the same temp if a liquid is cooled down
The melting point and freezing point of any given substance are both the same specific temp
Sublimation
Sublime (v)
A few solids do not melt, instead, they turn directly into gas
Evaporation, boiling and condensation
Evaporation
The process that liquids change into gases
Boiling
Bubbles of gas appear inside the liquid
Boiling point
It takes place at a specific temp
A volatile liquid is one which evaporates easily and has a relatively low boiling point
If the surrounding pressure falls, the boiling point falls.
If the surrounding pressure increased, the boiling point rises
Condensation
To condense a gas into a liquid by increasing the pressure or cooling
Pure substances
A pure substance melts and boils at definite temps that are precise and predictable
If the m.p. is below 20 and the b.p. is above 20oC, the substance will be a liquid at room temp
The effect of impurities
The presence of an impurity in a substance:
Lowers the mp
Raises the boiling point
Heating and cooling curves
The temp stays constant until the process is complete
a solid is melted
a liquid is boiled
a gas condenses
a liquid freezes
Types of mixture
Mixture
The states are completely mixed to become one single state
Solution
the solid that dissolves in the liquid is called the solute
the liquid in which the solid dissolves is called the solvent
When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute particles are completely dispersed in the liquid
The states remain separate
One phase is broken up into small particles, droplets or bubbles, within the main phase
Suspension
A solid in a liquid, such as a precipitation