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The birth of New Ideas an New Religions - Coggle Diagram
The birth of New Ideas an New Religions
The Upanishads- It is the time when students sat near the teachers in the ashram to learn secret teachings
. The Upanishads are written in Sanskrit language.
They are mostly written in the form of dialogues or debates.
The Upanishads were composed during the later Vedic Age.
There are more than 200 Upanishad
Teachings of the Upanishads-
The Upanishads talk about two main concepts- the brahman and the atman
Brahman refers to the universal soul and the atman refers to the individual self.
The Upanishads claimed that one could attain knowledge about the supreme truth.
The Upanishads also taught that a person should be compassionate, generous, honest, courageous, and should have self control.
By the beginning of the Common Era, six schools of philosophy emerged
Rigid Caste System -
During the later Vedic age, society was clearly divided into four castes or four varnas.
The brahmnas enjoyed the superior caste, the kshatriyas were the next, the vaishyas were the merchants and the shuras were the menial caste.
The caste system in the later vedic age become rigid and inflexible.
The vaishyas wanted to have a high social position.
The shudras wanted better treatment and equality.
They were all looking for a new religion that would improve their position in the society.
Birth of Jainism and Buddhism- In the 6th century BCE, two great preachers, Vardhamana Mahavira and Gautam Buddha , were born. Their teachings led to the emergence of two religions sects- Jainism an Bhuddhism.
Jainism
Vardhamana Mahavir is regarded as the real founder of Jainism.
The followers of jainism are called jains.
Jains believe in the existence of 24 tirthankaras.
Jains identify Rishabhadeve as the first tirthankara and mahavira as the last.
Teachings of Jainism- The teachings of mahavira were known as triratna.
Buddhism
Siddhartha, who was later known as gautam buddha was the founder of buddhism.
Those who follow the teachings of buddhism are called budhhists.
The buddha believed in the middle path.
He rejected extreme luxury or extreme form of ascetism.
The teachings of buddha are contained in the four noble truths.
According to the buddha, the eightfold path was the key to end suffering and attain enlightment.