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The Sun - Coggle Diagram
The Sun
star
a ball of glowing gas
medium sized star - a dwarf.
The vast majority of stars are dim red dwarfs, far smaller than the Sun.
sun
a middle-aged star of average size; radiates heat and light toward the earth and allows plants to grow and animals to thrive.
the largest celestial body we can see in the sky.
It is 93,000,000 miles away. The volume of the sun is large enough to hold more than 1,000,000 earths
solar flares are huge eruptions of solar wind. They can be large enough to see from Earth and are made up of charged particles that disrupt our technologies.
The aurora borealis is caused by solar wind interacting with earth's magnetic field.
The Sun's light is made of particles called photons born in the core then propelled by convection currents through the radiative and convective zones eventually they reach the volatile outer layers of our nearest star.
The only time you can see the corona the sun is during a solar eclipse.
the light we see now formed in the Sun's core was created 100,000 - 200,000 years ago.
The Sun has seasons like Earth: solar minimum and solar maximum. Solar minimum is the period with the fewest sunspots, solar activity is limited. Solar maximum is when the sunspots break through the surface; the sun's power reaches out.
Gamma-ray bursts are intense brief flashes of the most energetic kind of radiation; occur when certain large mass stars die or even collide or large mass stars collapse into black holes.
The Sun will eventually reach a stage where it has burned through all of its hydrogen and once that happens it will start to burn through all of its helium.
The Sun mostly consists of Hydrogen gas.
Fun Fact: 1,000,000 earths could fit inside the sun.
All the hydrogen atoms are so hot and under so much pressure, the center is really just subatomic particles. Under these conditions they fuse together.
The Sun is made up of a superheated form of electrified and magnetized gas called plasma.
Differential rotation is the process that makes the sun's interior churn at different speeds creating intense magnetism in the form of millions of magnetic field lines which get mixed up.
an ephemeral body meaning it is never the same from one day or one year to the next.
Halo effect occurs when the cloud of energy appears to surround the coronagraph
The Ozone layer is what protects us from our nearest star. If earth lost much of its ozone layer ultraviolet radiation from the Sun would penetrate through the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface which would then quickly eliminate most basic elements of the food chain wiping out plants and then animals.
Two ways of harnessing the sun's energy : solar thermal which converts the sun's energy into heat by concentrating it enough to drive turbines. Solar panels which use silicon based technology to directly convert the energy from above into electricity.
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The Sun's core is superheated to 27 million degrees fahrenheit and is the engine that drives it all inside. The process of fusion occurs here in this case this process is what gives of light and particles.
missions
in 1973 Skylab became the first manned space station to send clear images of the sun.
using the different light wavelengths including x-ray and extreme ultraviolet we can see the sun's layer.
The one way scientists have achieved to get a good look at our nearest star thanks to a cosmic coincidence... a total eclipse
total eclipse
A total solar eclipse occurs when from our perspective the moon is exactly aligned with the sun and blocks its photosphere. Scientists have used the eclipse to see the Sun's outer atmosphere the enigmatic corona one of the hottest regions of the sun.
Soho installed an artificial Eclipse into the space probe called a coronagraph that blocks out the blinding rays of the Sun.
sunspots
When there are lots of sunspots there are lots of flares and coronal mass ejections. Solar flares are gigantic outbursts of energy from the sun coming from a very small localized region of the sun's surface that heat the surrounding gas to ten million degrees.
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When there is a low number of sunspots on the sun the climate on Earth can start to get a bit cool.
the different wavelengths mean different temperatures and different structures are more visible in different wavelengths than in others.
Solar probe Hinode launched in 2006- to study the interaction between the magnetic field lines and the corona; captured an image of the waves though responsible for heating this enigmatic region alfven waves,
Alfven waves are waves that occur in a plasma in a ton of ionized gas threaded by a magnetic field.
WR 104 two stars locked in a cosmic dance spinning a full rotation once every eight months but one of these stars are on the verge of going supernova and emitting a gamma-ray burst.
side note: The hottest temperatures ever recorded on the surface of the earth are 134 F or 56.7 C; measured on July 10 1913.
corona
radiative zone
convective zone
photosphere
chromosphere
corona
sunspot
granules
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Corona
the outermost layer of the sun
core
center of the Sun and is responsible for producing the star's light and heat.
The core is a fusion engine fusing atoms of hydrogen to produce helium and a tremendous amount of energy. The temperature in the core is around 28,000,000 F or 15,700,00 C
radiative zone
extends about 70 percent of the way out from the core.
The core energy produced in the core radiates outward to the edge of the Sun through this zone. The temperatures here range from 12,000,000 F - 4,000,000 F or 7,000,000 C - 2,000,000 C.
convective zone
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Hydrogen fusion occurs in the core.
The sun's surface could be considered as the photosphere.
The corona is hotter than the photosphere.
Solar wind- a stream of subatomic particles flowing away from the sun.
A moving electric charge generates a magnetic field. The magnetic fields on the sun can get tangled up.
Sunspots do not decrease the energy output of the sun.
The fiery arches on the Sun are known as prominences.
The Earth is protected from high energy light because of the atmosphere.
A solar storm can cause power outage.
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When the magnetic field snaps it is called the Solar Flare.
Heliosphere is the very boundary where the solar wind hits intergalatic space so it is the shell that surrounding the sun in the solar system where it protect us from intergalatic winds here on earth,