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4 Communicative competence. Analysis of its components - Coggle Diagram
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Communicative competence. Analysis of its components
Communicative competence
The nature of communication: communication is the exchange and negotiation of information between at least two individuals through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, oral and written, and production and comprehension processes.
Social interaction, purpose, unpredictability and creativity
Harmer
: a person speaks because he wants to. He has a communicative purpose. He selects from a store, choosing the appropriate language for that purpose
The notion of competence
Chomsky
Linguistic competence
: subconscious knowledge of grammatical rules
Dell Hymes
Appropriacy
: what language is approppriate in a given context
Occurrence
: how often something is said in a language
Systematic potential
: system that has potential for creating a lot of language
Feasibility
: whether something is possible in a language, beyond grammar-rule connsideration
Canale and Swain
Communicative competence
: underlying system of knowledge and skill required for communication
Communicative performance
: realisation of such knowledge under limited psychological and environmental conditions
Saussure
Language
: the faculty of speech present in human beings
Langue
: the language system
Parole
: the act of speaking
The components of communicative competence
Discourse competence
: ability to understand and produce both spoken and written texts of different genres which show unity through coherence in meaning and cohesion in form
Cohesion
: how utterances are linked in the text
Coherence
: relationship among the different meanings in a text
Strategic competence
: strategies which enable speakers to handle breakdowns in communication
Reduction strategies
Avoidance strategies
Achievement strategies
Receptive strategies
Socio-linguistic competence
: Appropriateness of meaning and form. Understanding of the social context
Socio-cultural competence
: achieve a deeper understanding of the way of life and forms of thought of other people and their cultural aspects
Grammatical competence
: mastery of the linguistic code. Ability to recognise the lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonological features of a language and to manipulate them to form words and sentences
Implications for EFL
Important factors in a communicative class
Materials
Task-based materials
: students have to achieve something through the use of language
Realia
: use of authentic material to reduce the distance between the classroom and the real world
Text-based materials
: textbooks
Communicative activities
: interactive, unpredictable, within a context, authentic and developed within a relaxed atmosphere
Students' Groupings
Pair work
Group work
Lockstep
Teacher's roles
: controller, assessor, organiser, prompter, participant, resource, tutor and observer (Harmer)
Input
: language to which the student is exposed
The communicative approach in English Language Teaching: the goal of language learning is
communicative competence