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Protein Synthesis - Coggle Diagram
Protein Synthesis
tRNA structure
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5 conserved regions with bases that are not paired - codon loop,
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Protein Synthesis
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Peptide bond formation
Nucleophilic attack of carbonyl group on ester bond of the amino acid in the P-site by the lone pair of electrons of the alpha amino group nitrogen of the amino acid amine group at the A-site
Two intermediate steps
Water molecule positioned near these positions is believed to stabilize the intermediate and lower the activation energy of the reaction
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Various bases near this location were mutated to check their role in the process. However, mutations in these bases resulted to very little to no change in the over all kinetics of the process
RNA base pairing brings the two tRNA molecules in the correct orientation and position to facilitate peptidyl transfer to occur
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Comparison of peptide bind formation between ribosome and ribosome free reactions suggested that the ribosome increases the rate of reaction by entropic effects e.g. shielding from solvent, correct positioning or organisation of the active site
Initiation factor 3 (IF3) binds 30S ribosome and causes deacylated tRNA and mRNA to dissociated from previous round of synthesis. Also, prevents 50S subunit from associating
Ribosome positioned in the approximate vicinity of the start codon of the mRNA through interactions between the 3' end of the 16S RNA and a similar sequence upstream of the start codon called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Association of IF1, IF2 and fMet-tRNA forms the initiation complex
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