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1920s - Coggle Diagram
1920s
changes in the status of women
1918 women over 30 were given the vote
1928 all women over 21 were given the vote
lack of jobs as men returned from war. MOST women’s lives remained unchanged
more independence, hair and dresses shorter - 'flappers'
some women could drink, smoke and drive motorcars
however it was still expected that women stayed at home.
for most married women their life stayed the same
post war economy and its impat
19 century - industrial techniques were no longer appropriate in a newly competitive world.
increasing unemployment in heavy industry and coal, especially in Scotland, and south wales.
exports of coal and steel fell as traditional industry was slow to adapt new labour and management techniques.
sharp decline in world trade after 1919 it began to decline.
trade unions were concerned and were determined to protect the wages and conditions of there members.
gold standard introduced to try and stabilise economy but lead to higher interest rates ad expensive exports.
growing industrial disputes leading to general strike
government had taken control of coal industry to ensure theres enough coal for war effort.
coal was struggling seams exhausted
1921 coal mines given back to owners
as price of coal had fallen , coal owners wanted to cut wages
lead to a general strike
lead by trade union congress
may 3rd 1926
lasting 9 days
nationwide walkout of of 1.3million workers because they believed there wages could be cut next.
miners werent able to go on strike because they had been locked out of mines because they wouldn't except pay cuts.
they hoped that the strike would cause great disruption that the government would have to listen to trade unions.
opposed by trade unions and other unions feared wage reduction
post war changes in government
pressure of the war had led to a coalition government
under the liberal party leader David Lloyd George
growing rise in labour party meant that coalition government fell apart
fell apart in 1922 and Stanley Baldwin, leader of conservative party became prime minister in 1922
Baldwins major opponent in the 1920s was Ramsey Macdonald leader of growing labour party who was briefly prime minister in 1924 and elected again in 1929.
growing problems in Ireland
nationalists/republicans (anti uk catholic) vs unionists (pro uk protestant)
Irish nationalists wanted home rule and full independence
anglo irish war - republicans fighting for independence January 1919- June 1921
war ended with Anglo Irish treaty of December 1921 that established six northern , predominately protestant countries chose to stay in UK and became norther Ireland.
had asked British parliament to consider independence but ww1 had interrupted
general strike failed because...
no sign of government backing down
the TUC was divided , some unions supported the strike some didnt
however conservative government stockpiled essential supplies and services continued with middle class volunteers.
this didnt work as ...
miners wee forced to accept longer hours and lower wages
and trade disputes act of 1927 which made any future strikes illegal
expansion of the welfare state
housing and town planning act of 1919
followed war time campaigns promises of "homes fit for hero's" and the "Addison act", required local councils to start building houses to replace slums.
subsidised low rents
214 000
houses built
the unemployment insurance act of 1920
passed at a time with little unemployment
set up dole system which provided
39 weeks
of unemployment benefits
it provided weekly payments of :
15 shillings
(75p) for unemployed
men
12 shillings
(60p) for unemployed
women
provided protection for working people
very important when unemployment started to rise in 1921
the education act of 1921
raised the school
leaving age to 14
stated primary
school education was free
for all children and started at the
age of 5
they were expected to do a full day from 9am to 4:30pm
essential to provide an educated workforce
aftermath of war
ended on the 11th November 1918