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CHAPTER 7- ETHICS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION - Coggle…
CHAPTER 7- ETHICS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Concept of good governance
The development management process in the public and private sector will show whether the sector has good or bad governance. When the result of the governance is efficient, effective and have a good performance, it means the government have good governance.
Pillars
Participation
Participation could be done directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions or representatives. It needs to be informed and organized.
Consensus Oriented
There are numerous actors and as many viewpoints in a given society. Good governance would need the mediation of the different interests in society to reach a widened consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved. It also needs a widened and long-term perspective on what is needed for sustainable human development and how to achieve the goals of such development.
Accountable
Both private and public sectors have to be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders. In general, an organization or an institution is accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or actions.
Transparent
Decisions are taken and their enforcement is done in a manner that follows rules and regulations. Besides that, information is also available freely, and accessible directly to those who will be affected by such decisions and their enforcement. It also means that sufficient information is provided and they are displayed in an easy to understand forms and media.
Responsive
Good governance needs that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.
Effective and Efficient
Processes and institutions produce results that achieve the needs of society while utilizing the resources at their disposal. This also covers the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of the government.
Equitable and Inclusive
A society's well being depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society.
Follows the rule of Law
Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially. It also needs full protection of human rights, particularly the minorities groups. Impartial enforcement laws require an independent judiciary and an impartial and incorruptible police force.
Importance
Promotes community confidence
The public is more likely to be confident in the government if decisions are made in a transparent and accountable way. This makes them feel that the government would act in the community's overall interest, despite differing opinions.
Leads to better decisions
Decisions that are informed by good information and data, by stakeholders views, and by open and honest debate will usually reflect the widening interest of the community.
Supports ethical decision making
Good governance creates an environment where elected members and council officers would ask themselves what are the right thing to do during decision making.
Leads to people's participation in the government's decision making
The government has a responsibility to ensure that the public, in particular, the unfortunates are able to participate actively in the political process and setting policy objectives. Inclusiveness and equity encompass political processes (inclusion in the process of decision-making on development) and policy objectives (recognition of contributions by the public to development and their sharing in the pros of development).
Challenges
Entrenched/well established nature of corruption
Poor understanding of anti-corruption concepts such as integrity, transparency and accountability. There are certain corrupt practices such as nepotism that are deeply planted in the social and political culture of certain countries that have high corruption.
Lack of cooperation among the main actors
There is a need for greater cooperation among the main governance stakeholders in order to enhance the national integrity system to facilitate good governance.
Incomplete integrity system-absence of strong public watchdog agencies
Absence of an agency that overlooks at the country's integrity issues. But, where an agency does exist, it could also obstruct good governance when they have limited authorities and resources to hold an effective role in fighting corruption.
Political interference in the work of public and private watchdog agencies
Both public and private watchdogs are not always available from political interference in their work, which comes most often from the executive branch.
Implementation gab between legal reform and institutional practice
There are many legislative anti-corruption reforms implemented which can be seen as evidence of increased attention to the issue of combating corruption. However, many of these legislative reforms lack of proven mechanisms to ensure accountability and transparency.