the value of pleasure and pain is determined by the hedonic calculus, comparing values of intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity (closeness of pleasure to current position), fecundity (chance of pleasure being followed by more pleasure), purity (chance of pleasure being followed not being followed by pain or vice versa)
within a group, extent should also be considered (how many are affected by the action)
-
exact process doesn't need applying every time, but to be kept in mind to keep the action in line with the principle