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"Concept to Prevent Fire and Explosions - Coggle Diagram
"Concept to Prevent Fire and Explosions
Sprinkler system
This is a common approach to prevent fire, the fusible plug will melt which afterwards make a water sprinkle out of it
Sprinkler head is mounted high in the ceiling of a building
Ventilation
By having a proper ventilation system, it can helps prevent fire and explosion from happening.
Ventilation can dilute the explosion vapor with air to prevent explosion and to confine the flammable gas or liquid
Open air plant is recommended because of high average wind velocity.
Explosion proof equipment and instrument
Design of XP Area
Area and Material Classification used based on the zone
Explosion proof helps from damaging other equipment or instrument upon explosion
Controlling Static Electricity
Listed is a general design methods to prevent electrostatic ignition
-Prevent charges from accumulating to dangerous level by reducing the rate of charge generation
-Prevent charges from accumulating to dangerous level by designing the system to include charge reduction by means of low energy discharges
Maintain the oxidant level below the combustible levels or by maintaining the fuel level below LFL or above UFL
Static Electric
A common ignition source within the chemical plant in spark resulting from static charges
Static electricity is the most elusive of ignition sources
Even with nowadays safety technology, static ignition still continue to haunt the chemical processing plant
Inerting
Vacuum purging
Adding inert gas to a combustible mixture to reduce the concentration of oxygen below LOC
A commonly used control point is 4% below LOC, 6% of oxygen if the LOC is 10%
Miscellaneous design features for preventing fire and explosion
successful prevention of fire and explosion in chemical plant requires a combination of many design technique
Use of the flammabilty diagram introduce in Chapter 6