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Populations and Ecosystems (Structures of ecosystems (temporal structure,…

- - - - Plant (itself)
        
        ex: large trees can shade floor, making it hard for other plants to grow
      - Other species
        
        competition
        
        competes for resources
        
        competitive exclusion
        
        Any species that is less adaptive will be excluded
        
        Mutualism
        
        Beneficial for both organisms
      - Organisms other than plants
        
        Predation
        
        one species benefits, the other is harmed
        
        commensalism
        
        one species benefits, the other is unaffected
    - - numerous metabolic pathways respond to abiotic factors
      - Latitude
        
        amount of light varies
      - Soil
        
        C horizon: Parent rock, fragments
        
        B horizon: Zone of deposition
        
        A horizon: uppermost level, little and debris
        
        Pioneer species: First to invade new soil
      - Climate
        
        Extreme temperatures more important than averages
        
        consist of temp, rainfall, humidity, and wind
        
        Restricts species to certain regions
      - Non living
      - Disturbances
        
        affects mostly Biotic features
        
        many plants have adapted to fire
        
        fires,landslides,snow,floods
- - - - Uniformed Distribution
      - Age distribution
        
        portion of young, middle aged, and old species
      - Clumped Distribution
        
        spacing between plants is small or large
      - Random Distribution
        
        no pattern to position of individuals
    - - Biotic factors, soil factors
      - one factor that affects health of the plant
  - - - Length of time between birth of individual until birth of offspring
    - - number of offspring a individual has