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Anthropology Theories (Materialism :shallow_pan_of_food: ((According to…
Anthropology Theories
Materialism :shallow_pan_of_food:
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Posessions
Consiousness
Marx, Engels
argued societies go through the several stages, from tribalism to feudalism to capitalism to communism.
According to Harris, culture develops in three stages;
The Infrastructure A society's material resources - technology, population, available land, etc.
The Structure A society's familial, political, economic, and social systems
The Superstructure A society's ideas, values, symbols, and religion
the theory states that materials or conditions within the environment influence how a culture develops, creating the ideas and ideology of a culture
climate
food supply
geography
Feminist Anthropology :woman:
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Androcentrism: “deeply held cultural bias to view the male as intellectually, spiritually, and physically superior to the female”
Feminism
Post modern
Liberal
female identity and issues faced by women
gender roles
gender bias
gender relationships
Beginning in the 1970s, feminist anthropologists re-examined anthropology to ensure that female voices were heard and included in research, They also compared cultures to see how many were dominated by men, how many were dominated by women, and how many were egalitarian.
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Ernestine Friedl, an American feminist anthropologist concluded in forager societies, the amount of freedom women had was strongly tied to their contributions to the food supply.
Feminist Anthropology is an approach to anthropology that seeks to reduce male bias in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge
Structural Linguistics
:writing_hand:
study of human languages and how language affects and expresses culture focusing on language as a system of interrelated structures
Noam Chomsky
the theory of universal grammar: that all human children are born with internal, universal rules for grammar and that they apply these rules as they learn their mother tongue.
reason why we can recognize grammatically correct yet nonsensical phrases such as,
language is a basic instinct
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Universal grammar
Instinct
Functionalism :construction_worker:
Malinowski
individuals have physiological needs and that social institutions exist to meet these needs.
Health - Hygiene
Bodily Comforts - Protection
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Interdependence
Long-term survival
Functions
Structural
Functional theory is the idea that every belief, action, or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of individuals.
“colorless green ideas sleep furiously.”
