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Politics and Citizenship (Constituton # (High court interpreter arbiter of…
Politics and Citizenship
Civil Society
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Equality
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Equality of opportunity, meritocracy
Equality of condition, relation of cultural capital and the importance of equalising opportunities for all eg. Positive discrimination
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Australian Federalism
State: Collective of all institutions of government including federal through to local, administrative arms, legals and law enforcing arms
Federalism
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Westminister system - separation of powers between 3 arms of gov - legislature, executive & Judiciary
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Federation
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Feb 1st 1901 Edmund Barton first Primeminister, 6 states determined (NT later on)
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Initiated by Henry Edwards in Vic took 7 years to create from when first decided for states to join forces
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Division of powers
Set out between federal and state. Federal have clearly set out areas that affect the country as a whole including taxes, marriage, currency. Remaining powers are given to the states - these are called residual powers
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Parliament
Combination of federal and unitary system, modelled high court on the US system
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2 houses of parliament
House of Representatives (lower house) also known as the people’s house - most important house. Majority party in this house forms the gov. 150 members representing electorates
Senate - Upper House, known as the stat house, equal numbers from each state to represent the interest of the states. Originally seen as the house of review, however little meaning these days
Political parties
Major parties
Labour Party - developed from trade unions, industrial not political and formed to protect working conditions
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Liberal Party
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Notable historical trends - anti-labour fusion 1909, 1916 Nationalist Party, 1931 United Australia Party
Social base mainly in commercial, financial, manufacturing, industrial capital and professional groups
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Nationals
Country party, origins in interest groups - rural. Originally called Country Party
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While sometimes disagreeing wit liberal party it was anti-socialist so much that it joined forces with Liberal