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Operating System- System View (3.1 Process Management (3.1.2 Single…
Operating System- System View
3.1 Process Management
Job Scheduler: The goal is to put jobs in a sequence that uses all system’s resources as fully as possible and strives for balanced mix of jobs with large I/O interaction and jobs with lots of computation.
CPU Scheduler: Interactive operating systems employ some level of feedback in which the task with which the user is working receives higher priority.
3.1.1 Process Concept
Process State:
• New - Process being created
• Running - Instructions are being executed
• Waiting - Process waiting for event to occur
• Ready - Process waiting to be assigned to a processor
• Terminated - Process finish execution
3.1.2 Single Tasking
Sequential Processing
Batch Processing
3.1.3 Multi Tasking
Multiprogramming 2. Time Sharing 3. Cooperative multitasking
Pre-emptive multitasking
3.2 Memory Management
3.2.1 Memory Hierarchy
Register, Cache, Main memory, Distributed memory, Tapes
3.2.2 Physical Memory
Fragmentation
Paging
3.2.3 Virtual memory requirement
Relocation, protection, sharing, logical organization, physical organization
3.3 I/O Management
3.3.1 I/O System Organization
Stream oriented
Block oriented
3.3.2 I/O Communication Technique
Direct I/O with polling
Interrupt Drive I/O
3.3.3 Direct Memory Access
DMA is efficient technique when large volumes of data are to be moved.
3.3.4 Buffering
Buffer is temporary memory or storage used to adjust for the speed differential between adjacent devices.
3.4 Operating System Protection and Security
3.4.1 User Authentication
Software
Hardware
User
3.4.2 Basic Resource Protection
Access control
CPU and memory protection