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Introduction To Programming Languages (C.Lifecycle of a software project…
Introduction To Programming Languages
A.Life cycle of a Software Project and programming
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development team within the software organization.
The stage of System Development cycle life;
1.Intiation
2.System concept development
3.Planning
4.Design
5.Requirements Analysis
6.Development
7.Intergeration and test
B.Generation of programming languages
1.) 1st Generation (Machine languages)
First-generation language was (and still is) machine language or the level of instructions and data that the processor is actually given to work on (which in conventional computers is a string of 0s and 1s).
2.) 2nd Generation (Assembly language)
Second-generation language is assembler (sometimes called "assembly") language.An assembler converts the assembler language statements into machine language.
3.3rd Generation (High-Level Programming Language)
Third-generation language is a "high-level" programming language, such as Java. A compiler converts the statements of a specific high-level programming language into machine language. (In the case of Java, the output is called bytecode, which is converted into appropriate machine language by a Java virtual machine that runs as part of an operating system platform.) A 3GL language requires a considerable amount of programming knowledge.
4.4th Generation (Natural Language)
Fourth-generation language is designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL language. Languages for accessing databases are often described as 4GLs.
5.5th Generation (Programming)
Fifth-generation language is programming that uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language that is usually compiled with a 3GL or 4GL language compiler. Microsoft, Borland, IBM, and other companies make 5GL visual programming products for developing applications in Java, for example. Visual programming allows you to easily envision object-oriented programming class hierarchies and drag icons to assemble program components.
C.Lifecycle of a software project phases
3.Analysis
The step is about analysing the performance of the software at various stages and making notes additional requirements.Analysis is very important to proceed further to the next step.
4.Design
Once the analysis is complete, the step of designing takes over, which is basically building the architecture of the projects.This step helps remove possible flaws by setting a standard and attempting to stick to it
2.Planning
Without the perfect man, calculating the strengths and weaknesesvof the project ,development of softwareis meaningless.Planning kicks off a project flawlessly and affects its progress positively.
5.Maintenance
Once the software passes through all the stages without all the stages without any issues, it is to undergo a maintenance process where in it will be maintained and upgraded from time to time to adapt to changes.
1.Testing
The testing stage asseses the software for errors and documents bugs if there are any.
6.Development and Implementation
The actual task of developing the software starts here with data recording going on in the background.Once the software is developed,the stage of implementation comes in where the product goes through a pilot to study to see if it's functioning properly
D.Fundamentals of programming languages
Programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine.
There are three types of Programming languages:
1.Machine languages
2.Assembly languages
3.High level languages
E.Standards and best practice
Standards in computer programming are methods of programming that have been declared acceptable and thereafter are recommended as the approach that should be used. Much like what GAAP is to Accounting, programming standards allow programmers to use a common ground when writing code. Closely tied with programming standards, best practices are simply recommended methods of writing code
Best practices may also involve addition of extra code segments or removal of redundant code segments. To sum it up, best practices are simply the most recommended way of writing a segment of code, whereas programming standards are a specific set of rules to apply to coding style and techniques.