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MOTIVATION THEORY (Instinct theory of motivation (Biological, Universal in…
MOTIVATION THEORY
Instinct theory of motivation
Biological
Universal in species
innate biological tendencies to survive
unlearned
based on perception behaviour and emotion
natural or inborn
engage spontaneously in a behavior or pattern
Incentive Theory
Rewards
Importance of reward
Type of incentives
Situational incentives
Negative consequences
Operant conditioning
Reinforcement
Positive
: A favorable outcome after a certain behavior
Negative
: Removal of something unpleasant through a response
Punishment
Positive
: unfavorable event or outcome in order to weaken the response it follows
Negative
: Taking away something for unwanted behavor
Reinforcement schedule
Fixed ratio
:
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Variable-interval
Continuous reinforcement
Drive Reduction Theory
Reaction to biological urges
Primary reinforcers help reduce Drive
Arousal Theory
Individualistic
influences performance
Based on arousal
Balancing arousal level
YERKES - DODSON LAW
: increased arousal can help improve performance but upto a point
Expectancy Theory
Expectancy
: belief that increased effort will lead to better performance
Instrumentality
: belief that if one performs well the outcome will be rewarding
Valence
: Importance of the reward for the user
Flow Theory
State of full immersion
Reaching the state of flow
Activity with a clear goal
Task with clear feedback
Good balance between the challenges and User's skills