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Population Genetics and Evolution (Rates of Evolution (Divergent…
Population Genetics and Evolution
Population Genetics
Deals with abundance of alleles within population
allele number can increase, decrease, or remain constant
Gene Pool
Total number of alleles in sex cells
no affected by sexual reproduction
Factors that change Gene Pool
Accidents
Events in which organisms can't adapt
Examples: Volcanic eruption, meteorite strikes earth, droughts
Artificial Selection
Humans purposely change gene pool
used to alter plant size and color
Mutations
existing alleles decrease in frequency
New alleles increase in frequency
Natural Selection
most significant factor that causes Gene pool changes
2 conditions
The progeny must differ in type of alleles
population produces more offspring than habitat is fit for
Certain traits give organism a "One up"
Factors not apart of natural selection
Intention
planning
Purpose
voluntary decision making
Rates of Evolution
Phyletic Speciation
Examples: Pollen transfer, seed dispersal, vegetative propagation
Movement of Alleles = Gene Flow
Mutations rarely cause large phenotypic change
Most species are well adapted to environment
Evolutionary changes involving loss of strutter or metabolism can happen quickly
Divergent Speciation
2 populations exchange genes
Abological reproductive barrier
Non living, physical barrier
Allopatric
Original species divides into 2 or more populations
Biological reproductive barrier
any biological phenomenon that prevents gene flow
Convergent Evolution
2 species evolve to be similar
Chemosynthesis
hypothesis of how the world began
uses chemical and physical properties
4 conditions:
appropriate energy sources
intense UV
Electricity
Heat
Volcanos
absence of O2
evolution of Aerobic respiration
Allows world to rust
Great deal of time
right inorganic molecules
Conditions of earth before life
most of original atmosphere lost to space
2nd atmosphere
produced by release of gas from rock matrix
