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Population Genetics and Evolution (Population Genetics IMG_1233 (Gene Pool…
Population Genetics and Evolution
Population Genetics
Gene Pool
The total number of alleles in all the same sex cells of all individual of a population.
Factors that Cause the Gene Pool to Change
Mutation
Causes existing alleles to decrease in frequency, and new alleles increase.
Artificial Selection
Is the process in which humans purposefully change the allele frequency of a gene pool.
Natural Selection
The most significant factor causing gene pool changes, is described as survival of the fittest: those individuals that are most adapted to an environment survive, whereas those less adapted don't.
2 conditions that must be met before natural selection can occur:
The progeny must differ from each other in their types of alleles.
The population must produce more offspring than can possibly grow and survive to maturity in that habitat.
Deals with the abundance of the different alleles within a population and the manner in which the abundance of a particular allele increases, decreases, or remains the same.
Speciation
2 Fundamental Ways Speciation can Occur
Phyletic Speciation
One species gradually becomes so changed that it must be considered a new species.
Divergent Speciation
Some populations of a species evolve into a new, second species while other populations either continue relatively unchanged as the original, parental species, or evolve into a new, third species.
Is the conversion of one species or population of a species into a new species.
Phyletic Speciation
Gene Flow
Three Ways Gene Flow can Occur
Seed Dispersal
Vegetative Propagation
Pollen Transfer
The movement of alleles physically through space
Divergent Speciation
Reproductively Isolated
2 Ways Reproductive Isolation can Occur
Biological Reproductive Barriers
Any biological phenomenon that prevents successful gene flow.
Abiological Reproductive Barriers
Any physical, nonliving feature that prevents two populations from exchanging genes.
The inability of some members of a species to interbreed with other members through either biotic or abiotic reproductive barriers
