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Design and Technology - map 2 (Characteristics of cotton(Specialist) (Uses…
Design and Technology - map 2
Manufactured Board
Blockboard
✮Stable, tough, heavy, finishes well, indoor use owning to adhesives used
✮Natural grain veneers glued to strips of wooden blocks (Usually 25mm)
✮Furniture, doors, shelving, indoor construction
Hardboard
✮Has no grain, rough texture on reverse and one smooth side on the other, painted finishes available
✮Furniture, picture frames, backings, internal panelling
✮Flexible in large sheets, even strength, easily damaged by water (unless treated), inexpensive
Orientated strand board/ Sterling board (OSB)
✮Textured natural wood shreds compressed and bonded
✮Rigid, even strength in all directions, good water resistance
✮Construction hoarding, interior and exterior house building
Veneer
✮Manufactured boards are sometimes covered in a
thin slice
of
timber
called veneer
✮Taken from the
trunk
to
bond
to the
surface of cheaper sheet materials
.
✮
Commonly seen
on
MDF
(medium density fibreboard)
Methods
✮Rotary
Produces long sheets, involves rotating whole trunk.
A bit like a big pencil sharpener
✮Knife cut
Ḏ̯͈̤̤͕̺̟̪̭̼̗̼̭̝̬͓̞ͭ͋̉̑̑̍̂̐̃͐t͔̮͕̣̞̥̫̜͈̣͙̻̣̬͕͕̥̺̭̏́ͥ̐̈́ͨ̍͆̋ͥͮ̄ ̮̬͇̩͈̙̠̞̯̣̗̈͗̀̊͆̇͗̓́̽ͤ̔ͬͬ͗̃̉̊i̠̦͖̣͓̯̭̠̭̻̟̻̜͖̭͖̖̦͐͛͂ͩ̊͋̅͛͒ͧ͑̀ͮͣ̂̎ͪ̐̄s͖̘̳̥̻̭͎͖̲̙̱̲̼͚͓͖͖̥̹̊͌̏̄̐ͭͥ̀̃̇̑͌̿͐ ͙̼̺ͣ͋ͪ̄̂̉̓͗̔ͦt̹̮͍̜̮̭̳͚͍̬ͭ̔ͩ̈̍ͧͥͪ͑̈́̃ͅh̤̭̲͈̫͑ͫ̆ͮ̔̂̑̆̽e̲̯̩̼ͬͬͧ̎̀ͨ͛̅ ̫̯͖͉̳̦̦̫̰̍̎̀̈́ͫ̊͋̿ͤ̿ͦ̚w͕̹͇̠̹̲ͨͦ̔̓͐̒ͫ͑ͫ̈́̉ö̰̲̬̹͍̹̻ͪ̈͒̾̃̒̅̈ͅͅr̩̰̲̪͎̉̎̈̅͋̂ͣ̈ͯ͗ͩ̔̆ͯ̚̚ś̞̤̠̠̙̓ͤ̃ͪͥ̽̐ͬ̑t̝͖͍̥͙̹͍̼̟̰̝̩̞̖̹̫͕̟ͤ̾ͯ̊̿̉͗̊̓ͯ̃͛ͥ̏ͦ̾͐ͅ
Steel
✮Steel, is made by blowing oxygen into iron. forcing it to react and become chemically bonded with carbon
✮This makes it hella
strong
There are different types
Low carbon steel
✮0.25% carbon
✮Used for car body parts
High carbon steel
✮up to 2.5% carbon
✮used for stuff like pliers and cutting things
Stainless steel
✮chromium and nickel
✮Used for cutlery and sinks
Emissions
Product miles
✮Adding up all the miles of each individual part have travelled considering the weight of the product.
✮ ^ You can work out CO2 emissions that have been produced during transport alone to obtain the materials for a product
✮Adding separate miles will find total product miles.
✮Part of the life cycle assessment, estimates CO2 emissions from "cradle to grave"
Surface Finishing and Stain Protection
(Specalist)
✮Flame retardancy
✮Chemicals applied to reduce a fabrics ability to burn
✮Stain protection
✮an invisible substance to prevent absorption into the fibres
✮Water Proofing
✮Coated with a waterproofing substance that forms a seal(Teflon)
✮Crease resistance
✮A resinous liquid is applied- makes fabric quick drying and easy iron
✮Heat transfer printing
✮Inkjet printed onto transfer paper, heat pressed onto fabric surface
✮Physical and chemical distressing
Includes bleaching, stone washing, spray painting, cutting, slashing, scrapping, filing and patching
✮Calendering
✮Fabric is fed through rollers to smooth fabric and/or permanently emboss design
✮Brushing
✮Fabric is passed through rough rollers which lift fibres to form a nap. Makes it soft and more insulative
Tolerances
(Specialist)
(For textiles) The specific minimum or maximum a particular component can be made. This ensures dimensional accuracy and consistency (Quality control)
Laser Cutting Fabric
(Specialist)
its not in the flipping book...
Characteristics of cotton
(Specialist)
✮White fluffy "boll" taken from the plant. Fibres are combed and spun into yarn. Takes dye readily
✮Soft
✮Stong
✮Absorbent
✮Cool to wear
✮Easily washable
✮Can be brushed to increase thermal properties
Uses
✮In most clothing (especially shirts)
✮Underwear
✮Denim can be made from cotton
✮Towels
✮Bedsheets
Life Cycle Assessment
(Specialist)
Info
✮Used to assess the environmental impact of a product during its "life"
✮At each stage questions can be asked
✮Where can energy be saved?
✮Where can working conditions be improved?
✮Where can emissions be reduced?
✮Where can materials be saved?
✮Where can material be saved?
✮Do our actions have a negative impact on the communities or natural environment?
✮Responsible companies decide how to neutralise any negative effects by taking positive actions to counteract them
E.g, planting trees, choosing more environmentally friendly versions on a material
Ergonomics
✮The study of human interaction with an object
✮E.g QWERTY keyboard
✮Based on many different disciplines including anatomy, physiology, mathematics and engineering
✮Can improve designs and make a task easier to do
Design Fixation
✮When a designer gets stuck in a rut and can only produce a range of similar deesigns
Can be made worse by
✮Fear of mistakes
✮Playing safe
✮Not taking risks
(✮Too much research)
(✮Budget and time)
Can be avoided by
✮Working with others
✮Accepting and understanding the fixation. Force a new starting point
✮Stop drawing and start making
✮Don't be afraid to fail, then get them out of the way quickly
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