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L1 Introduction (Terminology (Pharmacodyamics
What drugs do to the body,…
L1 Introduction
Terminology
Pharmacodyamics
- What drugs do to the body
Pharmacokinetics
- What body does to the drug
- Why effective in lab but not in humans
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Execretion
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Drug
- All drugs are chemicals
- All drugs are poisons
- But not all chemicals/poisons are drugs
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Cure (Rarely only anti-microbial)
- Control / Amelioration (Improvement)
- Alter responsiveness of biological system
- Mimic
- Facilitate
- Antagonize
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Nature of Drugs
Physical
- Solid (majority) eg. Aspirin, Paracetemol
- Liquid eg. Nicotine, Caster oil
- Gas eg. Isoflurane, Sevoflurane (General Ana)
Sizes
- Very small: 7 Da (Lithium)
- Small: 100-1000 Da (Majority of drugs)
- Very large: kDa (Biologics)
Drug-receptors Interactions
- Covalent
- Long duration of action
- Permanent bond
- Electrostatic
- G-protein receptor usually (compete with ligand)
- Hydrophobic
Shapes
- Complementary: Lock & Key
- Many in racemic mixture
- As long as isomers don't go against each other
Sources
- Plants
- Animals
- Marine
- Microorganism
- Semi-synthetic
- Chemical Synthesis
- Biologics
Principle of PK/PD
PharmacoDyamics
- What Drugs do to the body
-
Pharmacokinetics
- What body does to the drug
- Why effective in lab but not in humans
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Execretion
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Therapeutic Index (TI)
- TD50 or LD50 /ED50
- TD/LD50 (Toxic/Lethal Dose)
- ED (Effective Dose)
- Higher the TI the safer
- Layman term: Margin of safety
DA: Unified atomic mass unit or Dalton
21-mer antisense oligonucleotide: 7kDa
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): 60kDa
TNF-a monoclonal antbody: 150kDa
Biologic drug is a product that is produced from living organisms or contain components of living organisms
Racemic mixture composed of dextrorotatory and laevorotatory forms of a compound in equal proportion.
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