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Particles (Key Words (Hypothesis = Idea that explains how / why something…
Particles
Key Words
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Theory = A hypothesis or set of hypothesis - explains how / why something happens. Predictions made on theory should've been checked several times to check they work + always found to work
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Particle Theory = Theory used explain different observations of solids, liquids + gases
Vacuum = A completely empty space, containing no particles
Incineration = The act of burning something, used as a method of dealing w water
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Pressure in gases
Air pressure, pressure caused by air round us. Air pressure lets us suck things up using straw + causes container collapse if air sucked out. If all air sucked out container, you will get vacuum - nothingness.
You get flat tire if air pressure inside tire is same as air pressure outside tire. Air pressure inside tire should be larger than air pressure outside tire.
If particles are in flexible container - like a balloon - increase pressure inside container make volume increase. If pressure becomes too great, balloon will burst.
Pressure - caused by particles hitting walls of container they in, pressure may increase bcs:
- Container has been squashed, making volume smaller so particles hit walls more often
- Number particles has been increased; more particles to hit walls
Air pressure inside can = bigger than air pressure outside can so spray pushed out + comes out quickly
Can can get crushed if air taken out of it bcs pressure outside can becomes bigger than pressure inside can. Air particles outside can crush can.
Changes of State
Solid into liquid = melting: happens at melting point
When solid heated up, takes up more space + gets bigger bcs particles get more energy + move round more
Liquid into solid = freezing: happens at freezing point
When you freeze liquids, take up less space bcs loose energy + get close together
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3 different forms substance can be in: solid, liquid or gas - these are the 3 states of matter
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Brownian motion
Brownian motion ~ jerky, random motion of small pieces of matter {dust / pollen grains}
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When pollen grains observed through microscope they seen move jerkily in different directions - called brownian motion - caused by water particles, which moving all time, hitting pollen grains. Pollen grains small enough so many water particles hit one side of grain, grain moved in that direction
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Scientific method
A way scientists use observations, hypothesis, predictions + experiments to produce theories to explain the things they see around them
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When ice is melting, temp. stays same as long as there's water left. In same way, when water boils, temp. stays same as long as there's water left
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