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changing spaces; making places (5) (continued) (Batticaloa District - fact…
changing spaces; making places (5) (continued)
Batticaloa District - fact file:
B. District was one of the most conflict affected districts, with extensive and prolonged damage to the infrastructure as well as to the livelihood of the people. Many of Batticaloa's 500,000 residents fled. many families were seperated across IDP camps during the war. the fighting ended here in 2006. the land was de-mined and people have been returning to B. District
development taking place in the eastern province after 2009
- the obstacles remaning in developing the province were lifted, eliminating terrorism. as a result a large number of major scale infrastructure and livelihood development projects were implemented across the province. large scale irrigation, agriculture and drinking water supply projects where among them
there are over 1,000 schools in the province and 20% of them were closed until 2009 due to the LTTE. all schools which were closed have been developed and re-opened after 2009. almost all school in the province received new buildings and required facilities. a large amount of money was spent last year to develop university facilities in the province. facilities on hospitals have been improved, they got new equipment, doctors and staff. over 95% of the villages in the province have electricity. the remaining villages will also be provided with electricity soon
the fisheries and agriculture sector are developing rapidly. a large number of dams, rivers, bunds and irrigation canals were constructed while renovating the existing irrigation canals. now over 50,000 acres of cultivable lands which had been abandoned due to LTTE threats have also come under plough.
Colombo District - fact file:
C. District is the most densely populated district with 3,330 people per square kilometre, which is nearly 11x higher than the national figure. it also has the hughest urban population (55%).
in additional, Colombo district is the most socio-economically developed part of Sri Lanka, contributing nearly half of the country's GDP. colombo alone accounts for around 40% of the GDP. about 80% of the country's export-oriented manufacturing takes place in colombo which is the engine of growth for Sri Lanka
the government of Sri Lanka has launched an ambitious program to transform colombo and its area into a metropolis of international standards. so far, colombo district has accured the greatest benefits from inwards investment from both public and private sectors over a long period of time, and this is set to continue + moderisation will occur.
colombo is home to over 30% of the country's population, but 50% of people living in the city boundaries live in underserved settlements. population pressures in the farming regions of sri lanka were already leading to poverty.
Gothamipura District - fact file:
this is an example of how the local community have shaped the place they live in with help from a range of players, this project is funded by the international development research centre (IDRC) in Canada.
sevantha carried out a household survery to help identify the problems in Gothamipura, the results are as follows
the average income per month of Gothamipura residents is half the average income of other urban residents in sri lanka and slightly higher than the rural average in sri lanka
94% of the USS households have access to private toilets, none of them are connected to the sewer systems. during heavy rainfall, these tanks overflow causing illness and pollution
75% of residents were dissatisfied with rubbish disposal. the CMC is responsible for the sanitation services provided to the community and many residents complained that the CMC does not collect rubbish regularly.
top-down strategies:
are controlled by governments and international agencies who try to alleviate povety with large-scale strategies.
this approach can lead to substantive change in the living standards of USS residents and cover a large area. however, top-down strategies often encounter resistance at local levels
bottom-up strategies:
is a smaller scale alternative which involves and empowers local communities. they are considered to be more effective interventions since they are self-motivated among local communities and families, where the need is greatest
this is a more sustainable approach, since local people have vested interested in accepting responsibility for improving their own living standards. it is achieved at grassroots level though the assistance of NGO workers collaborating with the community
Sahaspura - fact file:
the scheme:
- government has recently undertaken large scale relocation program for providing better housing in high-rise apartments under to program. 5,800 families have been provided individual housing + 12,000 units are under construction
positive outcomes:
- sahaspura is a 14 storey development with 671 flats and 2,800 families helping to create mixed communities. many individuals gained larger, better accomodation.
what issues are still being faced:
- the maintenance fund was raised by inhabitants paying 25,000 rupees. some of the flats are empty because of the lack of demand from mid-income families