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Korean (Common phrases (Greetings (Goodbye (stay in peace : 안녕히 계십시오, go…
Korean
Common phrases
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yes : 네 / 예
yes, that's right : 맞아요
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Connectors
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after
은 후에 (verb stems ending with batchim)
ㄴ 후에 (verb stems ending without batchim / ㄹ)
> Replace ㄹ with ㄴ
후에 (after nouns)
To Come/Go to (in order to do something)
으러 (verb stem ends with batchim / with consonant)
러 (verb stem ends without batchim/ with vowel / ㄹ)
or
or (nouns)
이나 (verb stem ends with batchim / with consonant)
나 (verb stem ends without batchim/ with vowel)
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In order to
으려고 (verb stem ends with batchim / consonant)
려고 (verb stem ends without batchim/ with vowel / ㄹ)
Endings
After action
Conjugations
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Verb conjugations
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Future tense
ㄹ 거예요 (verb stem ends after vowel)
을 거예요 (verb stem ends after consonant)
>거예요 (Verb stems already ending with ㄹ)
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I will - Present imperative
으 세요 (verb stem ends with batchim)
세요 (verb stem ends without batchim / ㄹ)
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Lets - Present imperative
읍시다 (verb stem ends with batchim)
ㅂ시다 (verb stem ends without batchim / ㄹ)
Lets not - Present imperative
지 맙시다 (after any verb stem)
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tried / experienced
아봤어요 (verb stem end withㅏor ㅗ)
어봤어요 (verb stem does not end withㅏor ㅗ)
해봤어요 (하다 verbs)
Shall I? (suggestive, doubt) / Lets together / Raising a question
을까요? (verb stem ends with batchim)
ㄹ까요? (verb stem ends without batchim / ㄹ)
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not (Present / Past tense) #
지 않다 (지 않아요 / 지 않았어요)
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Can
을 수 있어요 (verb stem ends with batchim)
ㄹ 수 있어요 (verb stem ends without batchim / ㄹ)
Cannot
을 수 없어요 (verb stem ends with batchim)
ㄹ 수 없어요 (verb stem ends without batchim / ㄹ)
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Adjectives
Descriptive verbs
to make an adjective, you must conjugate the verb into a descriptive verb
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verb stem + 은 (verb stem ends after consonant / with batchim)
verb stem + ㄴ (verb stems ends after vowel / without batchim)
verb stem + 는 (있/었다 endings)
verb stem + 운 (ㅂ endings) - ㅂ is removed
Note:하다 verbs are conjugated to 한
Special conjugation rules
ㄹ : removed if verb stem ends with it
Postposition
any option modifier
이든지 (verb stem ends after consonant / with batchim)
든지 (verb stems ends after vowel / without batchim)
> added after interrogative pronouns to indicate any preference
Comparison indicator
보다
*> placed after first or second noun to indicate a comparison. The winner of the comparison is marked as the subject.
Nouns
Identifying
어디 : where, which place
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Location particle / Choice indicator
로 (verb stem ends without batchim / ㄹ)
으로 (verb stem ends with batchim)
언제 : when
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에서 (locations) / 부터 (time) : from
까지 : until / to #
> used after noun
월요일 : Monday (moon)
화요일 : Tuesday (fire)
수요일 : Wednesday (water)
목요일 : Thursday (tree)
금요일 : Friday (gold)
토요일 : Saturday (earth, soil)
일요일 : Sunday (sun)
늦게 : late, at a late hour
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who : 누구
from
한테서 : (spoken form)
에게서 : (written form)
께서 : (honorific)
에서 : (non-people)
> Used at the end of noun
> Generally used with verbs 닫다 & 오다
to / from
한테 : (spoken form)
에게 : (written form)
께 : (honorific)
에 : (non-people)
> Used at the end of noun
> Generally used with verbs 주다 & 드리다 (honorific - to give)
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Grammar
Particles
Topic marking particle
은 (after consonant)
는 (after vowel)
> Introduce a topic
> Show contrast
- as for
- unlike other things
- different from other things
Subject marking particle
이 (after consonant)
가 (after vowel)
> Shows the answer to "what/who/which"
- none other than
- nothing but
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Location marking particle
에 : at, to
> where something “is” or “exists” or a direction that you are going toward
에서 : at, in, from
> where some action is taking place
Object marking particle
을 (after consonant)
를 (after vowel)
> used to clarify the relation between the object word and the verb
Verbs
Common verbs
공부하다 : to study
일하다 : to work
기억하다 : to remember
청소하다 : to clean
요리하다 : to cook
이사하다 : to move
노래하다 : to sing
노력하다 : to try hard
동의하다 : to agree
인정하다 : to admit
후회하다 : to regret
운동하다 : to exercise
사랑하다 : to love
말하다 : to speak
생각하다 : to think
도착하다 : to arrive
피곤하다 : to be tired
이여기하다 : to talk
하다 : to do
일하다 : to work
먹다 : to eat
사다 : to buy
보다 : to see
마시다 : to drink
놀다 : to hang out, to play
쉬다 : to rest
자다 : to sleep
읽다 : to read
일어나다 : to get up
내다 : to pay
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