Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Antibiotics (Anti-metabolites: anti Folate (Treats (Nocardia asteroides…
Antibiotics
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
β-lactams
Cephalosporins
1st Gen
Cephalexin
G+ cocci
Skin & soft tissue
Cefazolin
pre-op prophylaxis
G- enterics
2nd Gen
G+ & G- B. fragilis
Cefuroxime
Cefprozil
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
3rd Gen
G-, G+,
P. aeruginosa
, H. flue, Borrelia Burgdorferi
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cefdinir
Ceftazidime
Cefpodoxime
Cefixime
Cefditoren
Ceftibuten
4th Gen
Pseudomonas & aerobic G- bacilli
Cefepime
Advanced Gen
MRSA
, resistant pneumococci, G-
Ceftaroline
Carbapenems
Imipenem + cilastatin
Ertapenem
Meropenem
Doripenem
unstable in GI, all IV
cover G-,
pseudomonas
Monobactams
no penem, single β-lactam ring
Aztreonam
Can use w/
penicillin Allergy
no G+ or anaerobe coverage
Covers G-,
Pseudomonas
Penicillins
Narrow spectrum
Agents
Penicillin V
Penicillin G
Treats
Streptococcus pyogenes: strep throat
Streptococcus pneumoniae: pneumonia & sinusitis
Treponema pallidum: syphilis
Penicillinase-resistant
Agents
Oxacillin
Nafcillin: eliminated via bile
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin: 1st, not used now
Treats
β-lactamase producing S. aureus (MSSA)
osteomyelitis
pneumonia
skin & soft tissue
Broad Spectrum
Aminopenicillins
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Anti-pseudomonal
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Broad-spectrum + β-lactamase inhibitors
Amoxicillin + clavulanate
Pasteurella bite wound
Ticarcillin + clavulanate
Ampicillin + sulbactam
Listeriosis
Piperacillin + tazobactam
Other
Vancomycin
Telavancin
Synthetic vanco derivative
tx of same infections as Vanco
Combat VRE and VRSA
prevents peptidoglycan synthesis
Not absorbed p.o
Treats
Clostridium difficile
MRSA
penicillin resistant Enterococci & Staph
Bacillus & Corynebacterium
Red Man Syndrome
nephro & ototoxicity
Bacitracin
blocks bactroprenol phosphate
ointment/cream only
nephrotoxic if p.o.
minor Staph & Strep skin infections
Fosfomycin
blocks UDP-MurNAc
uncomplicated UTIs due to E. coli or Enterococcus faecalis
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Target
30S
Aminoglycosides
Agents
Gentamycin: MC
Amikacin: broad
Neomycin
ointment/cream
nephrotoxic p.o.
G+ & G-
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Yersinia pestis
Francisella tularensis
Characteristics
bactericidal
unstable in HCl
CAN'T kill anaerobes
G-, Enterics, Pseudomonas
combine with β-lactam to treat Enterococci, S. aureus & epidermidis
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity (MC), nephrotoxicity
Tetracyclines
Bacteriostatic
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline
Tigecycline
MRSA, intra-abd, CA pneumonia
IV
bind to Ca, Mg, Fe
Don't take w/ vitamins & supplements
minimally metabolized
Treats: Rickettsiae, Lyme disease, Chlamydia, syphilis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, H. pylori, acne vulgaris, vibrio cholera, staph, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilim
Adverse Effects
bones & teeth: CI pregnancy & kids
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Photosensitivity
N/V/D
Target
50S
Macrolides/Ketolides
Bacteriostatic mostly
Agents
Erythromycin
short half-life: 2-4 x day
eliminated in bile
topical acne
Azithromycin
chlamydia trachomatis :
Bartonella henselae
Clarithromycin
H. pylori
Telithromycin
ketolide: newest
CI myasthenia gravis
CA pneumonia, legionella, chlamydia
Treats
respiratory infections
campylobacter jejuni
bordetella pertussis
Adverse effects
GI
cholestatic hepatitis
Ototoxicity
Prolonged QT: torsades de pointes
DDIs
carbamazepine
statins
Ca channel blockers
Chloramphenicol
highly lipophilic
Meningitis tx
Salmonella & B fragilis
used when less toxic agent won't work
Adverse Effects
bone marrow toxicity: reversible & irriversible
Gray Baby syndrome
Clindamycin
NOT a macrolide/ketolide!
Treats
MRSA
topical acne
Anaerobic: Clostridium & B. fragilis
Adverse Effects
N/D, rashes
MC
Pseudomembranous colitis
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
synergistic 50s inhibition
covers G+
Administered Via central line: causes phlebitis
cause painful arthralgia
Others
Oxazolidinones
Agents
Linezolid
Tedizolid
prevent formation of 70s complex
Treats resistant G+
MAOI: serotonin syndrome
cause thrombocytopenia
Mupirocin
disrupts isoleucyl tRNA
Ointment
nasal S. aureus
impetigo
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Inhibit type IV topoisomerase
Ciprofloxacin: older
aerobic G- bacilli
UTI
Osteomyelitis
prostatitis/epididymitis
Infectious diarrhea
Inhalation anthrax
non-gonococcal conjunctivitis
Respiratory
Levofloxacin & Moxifloxacin
CA pneumonia
legionella & mycoplasma pneumonia
sinusitis & bronchitis
non-gonococcal conjunctivitis
Well absorbed in SI: don't take with vit/supplement!
Not metabolized well; excreted unchanged
resistance on the rise
Adverse Effects
Tendonitis
Prolonged QT: torsades de pointes
Change in blood glucose
GI distress
C. difficile colitis
CNS toxicity
Metronidazole
DOC
parasitic infection
Entamoeba histolytica: amebiasis
Giardia lamblia: giardiasis
Trichomonas vaginalis: trichomoniasis
Attacks DNA
Anaerobic: Clostridium, Bacteroides
combine w/ tetracycline: H. pylori
Acne rosacea
Adverse Effects
GI upset
metallic taste
Disulfiram-like rxn with alcohol
CI: mutagenic in pregnancy
Decrease warfarin metabolism
Anti-metabolites: anti Folate
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
can decrease metabolism of warfarin, sulfonyureas, phenytoin
caution with ACEI's & ARBs
Inhibits cell growth & nucleic acid synthesis
Trimethoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate
Sulfonamides: shut down dihydropteroate synthetase
Adverse Effects
Hypersensitivity: Steven-Johnson
Crystalluria
Hemolytic anemia G6PD deficient
Kill G+ & G-
metabolized by liver; eliminated in urine
Treats
Nocardia asteroides
DOC
Pneumocystitis jiroveci
DOC
enterics: shigella, salmonella, E. coli
Enteric UTIs
Others
Nitrofurantoin
directly damage bacterial DNA
Rapidly eliminated in urine
Tx of uncomplicated UTIs
Adverse effects
GI: N/V/D
liver injury
pulmonary fibrosis
Hemolytic anemia: G6PD deficient
Daptomycin
cyclic Lipopeptide
Treats
G+ cocci skin infections
S. aureus bacteremia & endocarditis
MRSA & VRE
creates channel in bacterial cell membrane, contents leak out
CANNOT use for pneumonia: inactivated by pulmonary surfactant
May cause Myopathy, esp pt on Statin
Polymixin B
Cell membrane destabilizer
displaces divalent cations (Ca, Mg): contents leak out
Topical tx minor skin infections
Rifaximin
Interferes w/ Transcription
non-absorbable, oral
only act in GI tract
used to decrease ammonia in pt w/ hepatic encephalopathy
Enterotoxigenic E. coli