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13-Climate-action (Evidence (Glacial retreat (The global warming has…
Causes
GHG
Sunlight is emitted from the sun then it pass through the atmosphere. The heat is then radiated from the earth back towards space. However green house gases (like Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane ) block the heat from escaping repelling it back to earth warming up the planet
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Solar irradiance
solar irrandace is the power per unit recieved by the sun. the primary source of energy of the earth isnradient energy from the sun. therefore changes in the suns energy causes climate change
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Evidence
Global temperature rise: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change was driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide's molecules take in the heat and reemit them towards the earth, warming it up.
Warming oceans:
The oceans have absorbed much of the increased heat, with the top 700 meters of ocean showing warming of 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.As the temperature of the earth is increasing therefore the ocean absobs the heat making its temperature increse too.
Shrinking ice sheets: There has been an mass decrease of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antartica. Reseach shows that Greenland has lost each year an average of 281 billion tons of ice between 1993 and 2016. In Antartica the triple amount of its mass it the last decade.
Antartica and Iceland has both been losing mass since 2002 and in 2009 the ice sheet mass has been increased its acceleration.
Glacial retreat
The global warming has affected the sea ice glaciers and continental sheets in a world wide matter this happening is called glacial retreat.Glacial retreat is concrete evidence that climate change is real.
Decreased snow cover
Because snow is so reflective it plays a very important role in cooling our planet as it reflects incoming sunlight back into space. Snow covers are melting at alarming rates due to higher temperatures and have caused floods. According to studies, now snow cover in the northern hemisphere has decreased over the last 5 decades and is also melting earlier.
Sea level rise, The global sea level rise last century was 8 inches, but in the last 2 years the average has almost doubled the average of the last century. Nowadays the average growth is 3.2 milometers a year, this is happening because of melting ice sheets and glaciers.
Extreme events
The number of temperature events in the US is increasing while the low temperature is decreasing, and everything started in the 1950's. Also had increased the number of rainfall events.
As global warming increases so does the moisture in the air. Warm air molecules hold more moisture than cool air molecules. Then more liquid water molecules evaporate, which means there is more water vapor in the air. This can then have consequences such as knock-on effects on storms and extreme weather events like floods. As there is warmer air this fuels storms, potentially causing them to become stronger and more intense.
Precipitation measurement mission: The global fire weather integrates different weather factors. In other words, depending on how high the temperature is, the likelihood of vegetations will start the fire and the spreading.
Ocean acidification
The beginning of the industrial revolution has caused the amount of carbon dioxide on the upper layer of the ocean increase by 2 billion tons per year and the acidity of the ocean water has increased by 30 percent.
Declining Arctic sea ice
Arctic sea Ice minimum: Relative to the 1981 to 2010 average September arctic sea is now decreasing at a speed of 13.2 percent per decade.
Facts and Statistics: Approximate to 400 billion tons of glacier has been lost every year since 1994. In Greenland and Iceland there is moreless na amount of 281 billion tons of ice loss every year and in Antartica there is an approximate of 118 billion metric tons. This is all due to climate change.
Effects
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More droughts and heat waves,
All around the world, it is projected that the heat will rise more and more. Heat waves all around the world are becoming more common and more intense and cold waves are becoming far more in common every year. Consuqunestialy the soil all around the world will start to dry out more an more meaning soil will be less fertile making things harder to grow which could cause global famine
Hurricanes will become stronger and more intense:The intencity,frequency and duration od hurricanes have all increased since the early 1980's. People are not 100% sure that human contribution to natural causes have increased the hurricanes. Huricane- associated storm intensity and rainfall rates are projected to increase as the climate continues to warm.
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Sea level will rise 1-4 feet by 2100:
Sea level has increased 8 inches since the record keeping began in 1880, and people believe that it will rise about 1-4 feet by 2100, this water rise is due to the melting ice and the expansion of seawater when it warms.
High tide may combine with the sea level rise and this will cause flooding in areas near to the sea. And after 2100 the sea level will continue increasing for many centuries.
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Solution
Mitigation: The goal of mitigation is to avoid significant human interference with the climate system, and “stabilize greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”
Adaptation
The goal is basically to reduce vulnerability to climate change effects. In this case, if there is no way to stop climate change we should at least be prepared to face it and adapt. longer growing Seasons or increased yields in some regions is a benefit that could come with adaptation. We just have to adjust to the situation.
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