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Nationalism (Sinatra Doctrine (Previously rebellions were crushed quickly,…
Nationalism
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Glasnost
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Glasnost undermined the long held perception that the Soviet Union had benefited the people in the republics.
Nationalist groups were able to publish material that demanded greater autonomy and would never had been allowed before 1985.
Baltic independence
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Gorbachev was very angry with the independence, and imposed economic sanctions
Soviet nationalism
Encouraged to put loyalty to the Union before loyalty to their own nation since nationalism was viewed as a threat since it led to division.
Encouraged people to take pride in its status as a global super power, unity and equality.
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Russian nationalism
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By 1987 environmentalists, like the Green movement, were organising mass demonstrations to protest.
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Democratisation
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In March 1990, the newly elected parliament of Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union.
Yeltsin, in May 1990, made Russian laws more superior than Soviet laws for Russia.
The 1991 coup
Events of the coup
Gorbachev then mysteriously decided to go on holiday immediately prior to the signing of the treaty on 18th August 1991.
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Plotters aimed to break up the USSR and restore order. Yeltsin resisted against the Army. Yeltsin manage to get obedience from the Army after trying to arrest him
Consequences of the coup
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Communist Party, army and KGB discreditted
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Causes of the coup
A treaty establishing a Union of the Sovereign States had been agreed by eight leaders of the Soviet republics, to be signed on the 21st August 1991 by Gorbachev.
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Tbilisi massacre
On 9th April 1989 Georgian nationalists protested against the rights of the Abkhazian minority. Soviet troops attempted to restore order with force and opened fire killing 19 Georgian protesters and wounded thousands more.
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Brezhnev nationalism
After 1964
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Folk, art, music and museums devoted to national culture were allowed in each republic.
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Brezhnev’s policy of ‘trust in cadres’ allowed local elites to strengthen their hold over Communist Parties in the republics.
Greater representation of Turkic people in the Central Committee and Politburo giving them a say in how government affected them.
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