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Chapter 16: Genetics (mutations (4 main examples of mutations (insertion…
Chapter 16: Genetics
mutations
mutagen
something that causes mutations
any change in DNA
somatic mutation
mutation that happens in cells that do not lead to sex cells
4 main examples of mutations
insertion
addition of extra DNA
deletion
loss of part of DNA
inversion
DNA is out of order
duplication
a gene is duplicated
mono-hybrid crosses
cross
sexual reproduction between two individuals
incomplete domiance
homozygous
each parent has two alleles for a gene
heterozygous
two different alleles for a gene
complete dominance
dominant trait
more prominent in offspring
recessive trait
trait is less prominent or non-existent in offspring
dihybrid crosses
one in which two genes are studied and analyzed at the same time
linkage
two genes occur close together n a chromosome
parental type chromosomes
first two chromosomes
recombinant chromosomes
last two chromosomes
independent assortment
two genes of separate chromosomes
alleles move independent of each other
Multiple Genes for a specific trait
quantitative trait loci
epistasis
having multiple genes for each trait
extremely complex crosses
involving hundreds or thousands of progeny
pleiotropic effects
multiple phenotype effects of one mutation
