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Chapter 16 Genetics (mutations (Caused by Mutagen (certain chemicals (man…
Chapter 16 Genetics
mutations
Caused by Mutagen
certain chemicals
man-made
X-rays
radiation
ultraviolet light
Almost always harmful
Somatic Mutations
can occur at any time
in cells that never lead to sex cells
root hair formation
bark formation
deleterious
occur frequently
What is it?
Science of inheritance
Gene
chemical basis of genetic inheritance
if occurs in multiple forms
they are called alleles
genotypes
expression of alleles
heredity in plants
provide important unifying themes
Replication of DNA
replicated during the S phase
replication doubles the amount of DNA
identical copies before cell division
divided (new daughter cells)
through
mitosis
meiosis
vital for cell growth
repair
and reproduction in organisms
DNA Repair Process
various mechanisms
chemical reversals
excision repair
double stranded break repair
environmental factors
DNA Structure
deoxyribonucleic acid
5c deoxyribose sugar
a phosphate
nitrogenous base
Double stranded DNA
2 spiral nucleic acid chains
allows to be more compact
coiled structures called chromatin
chromatin condenses
chromosomes
