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Thermochemistry (The Nature of Energy (Work and Heat (Work: energy used to…
Thermochemistry
The Nature of Energy
Kinetic & Potential energy
Kinetic: energy in motion
Potential: stored energy
System and Surroundings
System: the reaction
Surroundings: everything else
Work and Heat
Work: energy used to move object
Heat: Hot -(energy)-> Cold
Energy: Capacity to do work
The First law of Thermodynamics :scales:
energy of system+surroundings = constant
Internal Energy (E) :battery:
:small_red_triangle: E = E(f) - E(i)
:small_red_triangle: E = q+w
total energy of system
Endo/Exothermic processes
endothermic :snowflake:
heat: surroundings->system
exothermic :fire:
heat: system -> surroundings
Calorimetry
Heat Capacity & specific heat
Heat capacity
energy to raise temp 1 C
Specific heat
q / (grams substance) :small_red_triangle: T
Constant-pressure calorimetry
q(solution) = specific heat(solution)
(grams solution)
delta T
Bomb (Constant-volume) Calorimetry
q(reaction) = -Ccal * delta T
Enthalpy (H) :recycle:
heat transfer between system/surroundings
:small_red_triangle: H = q
Enthalpies of Reaction
:small_red_triangle:H(rxn) = H(products) - H(reactants)
Enthalpies of Formation
Food and Fuels
Hess's Law