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Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (Causes:
Amyloidosis
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Cardiomyopathy
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Dilated
Most common type
Causes:
-Cardiotoxic agents: alcohol,
cocaine,doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
-Coronary artery disease
-Genetic (autosomal dominant)
-Hypertension
-Metabolic disorders
-Muscular dystrophy
-Myocarditis
-Pregnancy
-Valve disease
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Treatment:
-Drug therapy:
-Nitrates
-β-Adrenergic blockers
-Antidysrhythmics
-ACE inhibitors
-Diuretics
-Digitalis
-Anticoagulants
-Ventricular assist device
-Cardiac resynchronization therapy
-Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
-Surgical correction
-Heart transplantation
Clinical Manifestations:
-Fatigue
-Weakness
-Palpitations
-Dyspnea (at rest, paroxysmal nocturnal)
-Moderate to severe cardiomegaly
-Decreased contractility
-Atrioventricular valves (mitral valve) incompetence
-Sinus tachycardia, atrial & ventricular dysrhythmias
-Decreased cardiac output
-Dry cough
-Abdominal bloating
-N/V
-Anorexia
-Abnormal S3 & S4
-Dysrhythmias
-Heart murmurs
-Pulmonary crackles
-Edema
-Weak peripheral pulses
-Pallor
-Hepatomegaly
-JVD
-Blood clot formation
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Incidence: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of CMP, with a prevalence of 5 to 8 cases per 100,000 people in the United States. It causes HF in 25% to 40% of cases, occur more frequently in middle-aged African Americans and men, and has a genetic link in 30% of cases
Diagnostics:
-History and physical
-Electrocardiogram
b-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
-Chest x-ray
-Echocardiogram
-Nuclear imaging studies
-Cardiac catheterization
-Endomyocardial biopsy
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As cardiomyopathy worsens, the heart becomes weaker. It is less able to pump blood through the body and maintain a normal electrical rhythm.
Unable to pump blood due to its increased muscle wall size and decreased chamber volume. we start to see heart failure which can cause fluid to build up in the lungs, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen.
As the muscle wall thickens, the electrical conduction is also affected, This can lead to heart failure or irregular heartbeats called arrhythmia's.
Cardiomyopathy can be acquired or inherited:
"Acquired" means you aren't born with the disease, but you develop it due to another disease, condition, or factor.
"Inherited" means your parents passed the gene for the disease on to you. Many times, the cause of cardiomyopathy isn't known.
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