Individual Differences Social Facilitation
Social Facilitation - When other performers or a spectating crowd have a positive influence on an individuals sporting performance
Social Inhibition - When other performers or a spectating crowd have a negative influence on an individuals sporting performance causing it to decline
The Effect of an Audience on Personality Types
If the crowd is close by it would improve performance in both the Extroverts and Type B personality
Extroverts enjoy high levels of arousal and so would likely perform better in front of an audience
Positives
Type B performers have naturally low anxiety levels so would perform better with an audience
Extroverts and Type B are very good at using selective attention and cue utilisation in the presence of a crowd
Type A performers have high levels of anxiety and so performance worsens with an audience
Introverts and Type A are not as good at using selective attention and cue utilisation leading to decreased performance
Negatives
If the crowd is close this will hinder the performance of Introverts and Type A performers
Introverts do not enjoy high levels of arousal so an audience would cause there performance to decline
The Effect of an Audience on Beginners and Experts
When highly aroused the dominant response is likely but in beginners they used learned responses which may be incorrect and result in poor performance
Highly skilled performers benefit from a correct learned response resulting in mastery orientation when performing in front of a corwd
Positives
Negatives
When highly aroused the dominant response is more likely in elite performers the dominant response is the correct response
Beginners may experience learned helplessness in front of a crowd due to incorrect dominant responses
The Effect of an Audience on Skill Types
Goss, dynamic and simple motor skills are often performed better in front of a crowd
Positives
Fine and complex motor skills are often hindered when performed in front of a crowd
Negatives
Evaluation Apprehension
CAUSES Perception that other are judging your performance. More likely to occur if high status people are watching. Have high levels of Anxiety both state and trait. Lore likely for those with low self esteem, lack confidence
EFFECTS Causes increased anxiety, stress and arousal. Leads to doubt decreased confidence and need to avoid failure. Lead to decreased performance. Can increase motivation and determination
Strategies to Minimise Social Inhibition
Overlearning and Grooving Correct Responses
Cognitive Mental Techniques
Imagery and Mental Rehearsal
Progressive Relaxation
Somatic Physical Relaxation
Selective Attention
Positive Thinking
Practising in Front of an Audience
Goal Setting