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Aggression (Frustration Aggression (Evaluation (Supporting evidence -…
Aggression
Frustration Aggression
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Revised FA Hypothesis
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Jealousy, pain and loneliness
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Genetic
Twin Studies
If MZ twins are more similar than DZ twins, then this could be attributed to their genetic makeup rather than environmental factors, as MZ have 100% genetic similarity
Adoption Studies
If a positive correlation is found between aggressive behaviour in adopted children and in biological parents, a genetic effect is implied.
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Neural and Hormonal
Neural
Limbic System
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Amygdala
Fear response, threat perception
Hypothalamus
Nervous system, fight or flight
Hippocampus
Memory and learning, fear learning
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Evolutionary
Sexual Jealousy
Males can never be 100% certain they are a biological father, therefore fear cuckoldry
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Evaluation
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Supporting Research - Shackleford et al, Wilson et al
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De-Individuation
Crowd Behaviour
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In a crowd we lose social norms and behave aggressively, we feel less responsible for our own actions
Darkness - Anonymity, Difficult to be seen
Drugs/Alcohol - Not thinking about what is acceptable, disinhibited
Masks/Disguises - Anonymity, cannot be identified
Uniform - All the same, part of one group
Self Awareness
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Public
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Reduced in a crown, no longer care about how others see us
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Institutionalisation
Importation Model
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eg/ poverty, education, gang culture, substance misuse, anger, antisocial personality, impulsiveness, age
Criminal - Moderate aggression, repeat offenders, honour, trust
Convict - High aggression, violent, gang members
Conventional - Low aggression, new to prison, one time offenders
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Deprivation Model
Situational explanation, characteristics of the prison itself account for aggression rather than the prisoners
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Media Influences
Research
Correlational Studies
227 Juvenile offenders interviewed on aggression, positive correlation between aggression and video game enjoyement
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Longitudinal Studies
1037 New Zealanders studied up to age of 26. Those who watched more TV ,ore likely to have antisocial personality
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Lab Experiments
Played either Mortal Kombat or PGA Golf, then selected levels of white noise to punish opponents.
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Meta-Analyses
136 studies reviewed, found aggression increased in behaviours, thoughts and feelings
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Explanation
Disinibition
Normal social constraints against certain behaviours can be weakened by environmental triggers. These then appear more socially acceptable making aggression more likely
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Berkowitz + Alioto - Participents who saw film with aggression as vengeance gave more fake electric shocks to confederate
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Desensetisation
Repeated exposure to violence reduces normal levels of arousal associated with anxiety, so aggression more likely
Carnagey et al - Played violent/nonviolent game then watched violent film. Heart rate + skin concordance response measured. Lower response from violent group