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Territorial Claims as a cause of WW2 ((Manchurian Crisis (Japan already…
Territorial Claims as a cause of WW2
Manchurian Crisis
Japan already controlled the South Manchurian Railway are. On 18th September 1931, the Kwatung Army claimed that the chinese had blown up the railway and hence they used this as an excuse to push back the chinese and enter Changchun. The Kwantung army ignored their government's warning signs and went ahead and captured Manchuria.
Japan was interested in Manchuria because:
Land for increasing Japanese population.
Manchuria was mineral rich and hence Japan was interested in iron ore and coal.
Manchuria acted as a buffer zone between Russia and Japan.
Manchria had a greater population as compared to Japan and hence they were also looking at human resources.
-Manchuria was a potential market for Japanese products.
Invasion of China (1937)
The Sino-Japanese war of 1937
On 7th July 1937, at the Marco Polo bridge, a fight broke out between Japanese and Chinese forces. By the end of July, Japan had already taken over Beijing .
After WW1, Japan received quite a few territories
German possessions in Pacific and East Asia (they actually took advantage of the WW1 and captured these areas)
Japan was a signatory for many post war treaties like the five power naval pact, four power treaty, etc. According to the Four-Power Treaty,all the countries had to respect China's sovereignty, including Japan. Japan also had to return all the German concessions in Shandon that they seized during WW1.
This caused dissatisfaction amongst the Japanese as they felt that the allies were undermining their power.
Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor: Ameriaca was against Japanese agression against China and hence it started the oil embargo policy due to which Japan's military was lacking
Germany
German invasion of Poland
Both Britain and France promised that they would take military action against Hitler if he invaded Poland.
Chamberlain believed that, faced with the prospect of war against Britain and France, Hitler would stop his aggression.
However, Chamberlain was wrong. German troops invaded Poland on 1st September 1939.
After the Anschluss, Hitler promised that union with Austria was the end of his expansionist agenda.
Hitler lied. Six months later demanded that the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia be handed over to Germany.
Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler three times during the September of 1938. These meetings were made in an attempt to try to reach an agreement that would prevent war.
They reached an agreement coined: The Munich Agreement. This accord stated that Hitler could have the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. This was, provided that he promised not to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia.
Hitler had lied again and later invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. Despite calls for help to Britain and France from the Czech government, both powers were fearful of a war and decided not to retaliate unless Hitler invaded Poland.
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Forbidden Anschluss - Germany lost territory in the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany demanded it be given land that it felt it deserved
Rhineland
Austria
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Sudetenland
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Italy
Corfu Incident (1923)
Abyssinian Crisis (1935)
Italy, Germany and Japan were late in the imperial competion and hence all three of these nations were interested in expanding their territories and become powerful like other imperialistic nations like Britain and France.