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Visual Impairment (Describe some Key behavioral & Psychological…
Visual Impairment
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The Information processing Model
- Due to the lack of visual input,
- Particularly, the cognitive and expressive aspects of processing information are significantly impacted
Cognitive Development
- Not being able to visually integrate information:
- impacts child's ability to build an understanding of experiences through
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- impacts child's ability to use their thinking strategies of
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Language Development
Case scenario:In order to understand the word "ball"
sighted child: develops concept by seeing different balls
child with blindness: develops concept through tactile manipulation of different balls.
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[ learned helplessness: feeling that no matter what i do, i cannot control the outcome so i may as well give up and accept whatever comes my way]
Definition
Blindness:
- corrected vision less than 20/200
- This means that they can see at 20 feet what a person with typical vision sees at 200 feet.
Children with blindness: uses their tactile/ auditory senses as their primary learning channels
Low vision:
- Corrected vision between 20/70 to 20/200
Children with low vision: may still use visual sense as their major avenue for learning (with aid)
Key Causes
potential causes include:
- hereditary conditions
- infectious disease
- cancer
- injuries
- premature birth
- various environmental conditions
Genetic Factors
Albinism
- frequently associated with vision impairment
- the absence or lack of pigmentation
- due to inheritance or recessive genes
Visual problems associated with Albinism
- Nystagmus: rapid irregular eye movements that causes difficulty focusing
- Myopia: "near-sightedness"; blurring or difficulty focusing on far objects
- Hyperopia: "far-sightedness"; blurred vision and difficulty focusing on near objects
- Astigmatism: blurred vision
- Amblyopia: "lazy-eye"; a decrease in acuity due to poor transmission of information to brain
- optic nerve hypoplasia: underdevelopment of optic nerve & often associated with other development delays
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