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Chapter 23 (Large scale processes can influence the fates of groups of…

- - - - consequences of mass exctintions
        
        extinction: that evolutionary lineage is gone forever
        
        takes millions of years to recover levels of diversity
        
        severely disrupts interactions in an ecological community
        
        promotes adaptive radiations, where new groups of organisms fill empty niches and diversify
  - - - continental drift: movements in the mantle cause the continents to move slowly over time
        
        consequences of continental drift
        
        climate change due to new location
        
        promotes allopatric speciation on grand scale
        
        alters habitats
        
        helps explain puzzles about geographic distribution of extinct organisms
- - - - Change in gene sequence (mutation)
        
        through process of duplication + divergence
      - Changes in gene regulation
        
        regulation when + where + how long a gene is expressed and allowed to function
- - - - major evolutionary innovations
      - diversification of another group of organisms
      - mass extinctions
      - migration to new locations where few competitor species exist