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Establishment and Early Weimar Years (Right Wing (Nationalism is a core…
Establishment and Early Weimar Years
Right Wing
Nationalism
is a core principal
Anti-Marxism
: Fear of Communism
Kapp Putsch and Munich Putsch
Anti-Democracy
: Rejection of the Weimar System
Consul Organisation
violent towards the left wing, and three key politicians were murdered. Total of 354 murders
DNVP
coalition of nationalists who shared traditional views and a want to restore the Kaiser
Splinter groups began to form with racist and anti-semantic views
Threats to the Republic
Between January 1919 and June 1920, support for pro-republic parties decreased
Extremist parties (both left and right wing) gained lots of votes
General support in the Reichstag moved towards extremist parties rather than the central parties
Between 1919 and 1923 there were 376 political assassinations. 10 left wingers were sentenced to death, but no one from the right wing
Kapp Putsch
He and many other army generals were unhappy that many troops had been ordered to disband following the Treaty of Versailles
Led by
Wolfgang Kapp
a right wing civil servant and politician
Troops marched into Berlin in protest and Kapp attempted to establish himself as Chancellor.
They successfully captured Berlin, but had no support. Workers went on strike and eventually they had to give up their attempt.
Nazi Ideology
Volksgemeinschaft
Working together for benefit of the nation
Provision of jobs and social benefits
German values
Loss of freedom in an authoritarian system
Race
Aryan (master race)
Jews = universal scapegoat: responsible for all Germany's ills
Slavs to be slaves for Aryans
Racial purity is essential so strength isn't undermined
Nationalism
:
Treaty of Versailles
Destruction of Russia and Communism
Reich (German empire to include all German Volk)
Lost land to be regained
Fuhrerprinzip
No parliamentary democracy
One party state
Individual leader to take decisions and the lead
Origins of the Nazi Party
Between 1907 and 1913 Hitler lived in the slums in Vienna, but he moved to Munich to avoid being conscripted
He was born on the Austrian border, which explains his strong desire for reunification
In his youth, Hitler was shy, awkward and rather anti-social
When Hitler was young he had a rather abusive father, and both his parents died whilst he was still a teenager
The Nazi party was initially called the DAP and was founded by Anton Drexler
He initially joined the party as a regular member, but it soon became apparent he was a very impressive public speaker.
Bid for Power - Munich Putsch 1923
Failures
:forbidden:
The army was able to be mobilised as Kahr and Lossow fled
Hitler wasn't very cautious and instead pressed on with the Putsch
Hitler had to wait hours for Ludendorff to arrive
They captured the leaders, but Ludendorff allowed them to escape the beer hall
HItler changed his plans and marched onto the streets. Here he was shot and wounded
Successes:
:check:
Although Hitler was imprisoned, his sentence was on five years. He was living in good conditions and it gave him a chance to rethink and reorganise
Ludendorff was acquitted on the grounds that he was there by accident
The Nazi party became 'famous' and well publicised
Surrounded the Beer Hall without anyone knowing
End of the Nazis?
Hitlers Trial:
Hitler already knew the judge, from a previous trial where he had been let off
Hitler was sharp and used the trial as propaganda
He pleaded guilty, saying he was trying to take back what had been stolen and defending the rights of the German people
Hitler was given a very kind sentence, only five years with parole after the first nine months
Hitler showed no remorse for what he did, but instead he was doing what was in the interest of the German people
He realised that the way the party were trying to seize power was wrong and instead they needed to achieve power step-by-step
When Hitler left prison, the party was divided. At the party conference he re-established his supremacy and reorganised the party structure
Doomed from the Start?
Between 1919 and 1923, there were six different chancellors, and a variety of coalition governments
Nature of the Constitution
Neutral parties weren't making enough of an impact and PR made it easy for small parties to gain seats
Treaty of Versailles
Angered the German citizens, and the stabbed in the back myth was born
Right and Left Wing extremism
Various uprisings from both sides, as well as increased fear of communism
Limited nature of the German revolution:
No real change as those who truly wanted change were shot and killed. Army, judges and leaders remained the same
Economic Crisis
People's savings were becoming worthless and they were struggling to support themselves. Want for drastic change