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Air and the respiratory system (How animals and plants Exchange gases…
Air and the respiratory system
Components of air
Layer of gas that surrounds earth called the atmosphere
Atmosphere is a mixture of gases called air
Moving air is known as wind
Air is made up of about 78%nitrogen,21%oxygen,0.03%carbon dioxide and the rest consists of a variable amount of water vapour and other gases
Composition of gas
Use the acronym
CROWNS
that stands for the main components air
C
arbon dioxide
Given off when living things carry out the pier life processes
Produced when things burn or decay
Plants use carbon dioxide to make their food during photosynthesis
R
are gases(such as argon)
The rare or noble gases present in the air are argon,helium, neon,krypton and xenon
O
xygen
Essential to all living things
Needed by living things to carry out life processes
Needed by living things to break down food and use it to obtain energy.this process is called respiration
Living things that live in water take in dissolved oxygen
Living things that live underground use the oxygen found in the soil
produced when plants make their food by a process called photosynthesis
Needed for burning.When an object burns,it combines with the oxygen in the air.a continuous supply of oxygen is needed to keep things burning
W
ater vapour
Essential link in the water cycle and has a significant effect on the weather.clouds are formed from water vapour
Water vapour is produced when
Water evaporates onto the air
Living things breathe out
Things decay
The amount of water vapour in the air varies from place to place.Places near the ocean have more water vapour in the air
N
itrogen
Most abundant gas in the air
Does not support burning
S
ome other gases such as carbon monoxide,sulfur dioxide
Difference between breathing and respiration
breathing
is the taking in and giving out air
Respiration
is the reaction in the cells when oxygen and nutrients are used to produce carbon dioxide and energy
Breathing in = taking in air
Breathing out = giving out air
Function of the organs in the respiratory system
Nose
Function
Air that passes through is warmed and moistured
Allows air to enter and leave the body
Contains hair and mucus to trap the dirt in the air
Windpipe
Function
Transfers air from the nose to the air tubes
Air tubes
Function
Windpipe branches out into two smaller air tubes
Transport the air to the lungs
Air sacs in lungs
Function
Rich supply of blood vessels
Blood vessels increases the surface area of exchange of gases
Absorb oxygen
Oxygen passes through the walls of the sacs into the blood vessels
Carbon dioxide passes from the blood vessels into the air sacs
Lungs
Function
Contain air sacs
Allow exchange of gases in the air
Pick up oxygen from inhaled air
Pass carbon dioxide into exhaled air
How animals and plants Exchange gases
Insects/arachnids
Openings that lead to tubes which carry oxygen to their internal organs(breathing tubes)
Fish
Take in oxygen in the water through their gills
Birds
Have lungs and they take in air through their nostrils
Mammals
Have lungs and they take in air through their nostrils
Amphibians
Lungs and skin
Some amphibians such as the salamander take in oxygen through their gills
frogs can breathe through their moist skin.When they are underwater,they use their moist skin to breathe instead of their lungs.
Plants
Have tiny openings,mostly found on the underside of the leaf,called stomata.they use these stomata for their gaseous exchange