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Religions of India (Jainism (Sacred lists 8 Auspicious symbols (Srivastava…
Religions of India
Jina/Jaina- conqueror
Tirthankar is like incarnation of god who is in the form of human body and has go through the penance and meditation to reach the pure stage of soul
is older than brahmanism. in current form began with story of vardamana Mahavira
In 6th BCE - born- King Sidhartha and Queen Trishala - ruled Gnatrika clan
At the age of 30 - life of an acent
10th day of Vaishaka-Pava near Patna-Kevalyan-Kaivalyam-Title Mahavira/great Hero,Jaina/Jitendriya,Nigrantha
Vardhamana Mahavira is the last Tirthankar
taught
Right path or Dharma and stressed on
Renunciation of the world
Strict Asceticism
Moral cultivation
Believe in Three jewel path
Right belief(Samyak Darshana)
Right Knowledge(Samyak Jnana)
Right Conduct(Samyak Charitha)
All jains have to follow 5 principles
Asteya(not stealing)
Aparigraha(Non- Acquisition)
Satya(Truthfull ness)
Brahmacharya(chaste Living)
Ahimasa(Non- violence)
Ideological differences- split into
Svetambara
Men and women both can be Tirthankaras.Say that Mali began her life as a princess
Monk have simple white clothing, brush, a begging bowl
Digambara
Women can't be Tirthankar
live completely naked
Sacred lists 8 Auspicious symbols
Srivastava
A mark which is manifested on Jain's Chest , signified his pure soul
Darpana
The mirror which reflects inner self
Bhadrasana
A throne which is sanctified by Jaina's Feet
Minayugala
A couple of fish which signifies conquest over sexual urges
Nandyavartya
Largest swastya with nine end points
Vardhamanaka
A shallow dish used as a lamp which shows increase in wealth,due and merit
Swasthika
Signifies peace and well being of human
Kalasha
A pot filled with pure water signifying auspiciousness
Srilanka, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand China
4 Major Noble
Existance of Suffering
Trishna or Desire causes suffering
Suffering can cease
a path that leads to annihilation of suffering
Sakyan Kingdom
Sudhodana& Maya
Vaishaka purnima near Lumbini gardens - Kapilavastu
age 29
at Sarnath
Yashodhara- Son- Rahul
at Sarnath
8 fold path
To find the right livelihood which doesnot harm any being
Rifht effort & cultivating self control
Honest, peacefull Right action
Right mindfullness
Kind, Truthfull ness and right speech
Right meditation and concentrating on meaning of life
The worth of the right and sincere man is through right thoughts
Should avoid superstition and Right understanding
Pitakas
Suttha
Abhidhamma
Vinaya
King Kanishka's Regein
Mahayana
Believed in eternal Budha
Bodhisatva concept
Hinayana
Budha - Mortal- his teachings and ethical values- human should live
Theravada doctrine
Vajrayana
Bhamanical Rituals + Budhist philosophies
Founder
Jerusalem
Basis Roman catholic Christianity------> Vatican city in Rome
and resurrection
reform Movements
Sects
Protestants
Methodists
Process
Medieval period
Portuguese - Christian Missionaries
Akbar
Jahangir
St Thomas-52AD-Kerala & Tamilnadu
1557- St Francis Xavier
Goa--->Archibishopric
19th Missionary work
Began 18th century - Bengal
Philosophy
One God- One creation
Messenger-Messaiah
Practices
Baptism - enters church's Service
Eucharist
Worship - Holy trinity
Jesus(Son)
God(Father)
Holy Ghost
Old Testament Jews
New testament Roman Catholic Church POPE
Present Scenario
YMCA & YWCA-Convert-
of
- Jews
Belief system
Monotheist-one God - Yahweh - instituted by Abraham
Seperate- Prayar Halls + (Place of
)Synagogues
- religious services- Eliyahoo-ha Nabiori/ Thanksgiving to Elijah (Prophet)
Judgement Day
Torah- 5
of
613 Percepts - how Jews live
compilations of Ethical+legal :pen: & Jewish History - Talmud
during prayer
- wear Tshish- Thread of Prayer shawl
Predates
+
Marati speaking -Bene Israels
Bhagdadi Jews-Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata
Malayam speakin- Cochinis
Bene Menashe/ Manipuri Jews- Border of India+ Myanmar -
Children of Menmesseh
Bene Ephraim
Small- Telugu speaking
3 main Sects
Conservatives
Middle path
Reforms
Adapt - Recent times
Orthodox
Ancient customs
ISLAM-submission to god
Arabian peninsula-5th AD
Muslims(Submission to God+follow Prophet Muhammad)
only one Alla(Manifestation of God)
Namaz (5 times a day)
Day of Judgement
Juma namaz(Friday)
Muslims+Christians- common ancestor-Abraham
2 sects(Successor)
Sunni(follow Sunnah)
Follower like Abu Bakr
Shia(Partisans of Ali)
Son-In-law-Ali
Prophet Muhammad
to Medina
Back to
- Holy route- Hajj(holy pilgrimage)
Injections -
Quran + Sunna= Sharia (Islamic laws)
Last messenger-Abraham& Moses
4 Major schools of thought
SHMH
Maliki
Hambali
Shafei
Hanafi
Movements
Faraizi Movement - (Obligatory duties of Islam-Faraiz)
Haji Shariatullah :red_flag: Naya Miyan & Dudu Miyan
Tariqh -i Muhammadiya
Sayyid Ahmed Barelvi
Ahamadiya
Movement -Punjab - True Islamic values
Mirza Gulam Ahmad- Mahdi(Guide)
Aligarh Movement
Sir Sayyid Ahmed khan
By Prophet Zarathustra
6-7BCE
Persia
Belief System
One God-Ahura Mazda
Spirit of Mallice & :red_cross:Behaviour Angra Mainyu
Fire
Dead matter(corrupting element)
Dead bodies -Open places(Dakhma)- by vultures(Dakhma Nashini)
Tower of Silence-India - Raised Structure for Excarnation
First contact India - 936AD- fleed 4m Iran -Muslim invasions - Parsis -Smallest community in India
Live- Mumbai, Goa & Ahmedabad
Fire Temple- Atash Bahram -8
Sects
Kadmi- claim oldest& most accurate
Fasli
Persian
Shahenshai- calcute
4m last Sassnian King, Yasdegard III
Sacred Texts- Zenda Avesta :pen:in old Avestan
17
(Gathas)+ Athuna Vairyo( Sacred Chant) :pen:by Zarathustra
Translations - Zend
Videvdad-
against demons
Yashts - to
Yasna -
With ceremony & offerings
Khodeh Avesta-
of Daily prayers
Gathas
Spenta-Mainyu
Vohu-Khshatra
Ushtavaiti
Vaishishta-ishti
Ahunavaiti
Vedas
Atharva veda
Samaveda
& Hymns
Yajurveda
Sacrificial Hymns
#
Rigveda
1000 Hymns
gods
Indra
Vayu
Agni
Soma
Oldest veda
Upanishads- Speculation on Human being & lived reality
Vanaprasta- a Hermit
Brahmachari - Celibate
Sanyasi- an Ascetic
Grihasta - Householder
Brahmanas
#
Arayankas
#
Hindu-
lived around Indus
Modern
by
&
Mission
1 major
Supreme Devotion to
--- Neo Hinduism
1897
3 Fold Philoshy
To strive 4 Harmonious Existance of all world religions
To consider Service to
is to Service to
To Spread Vedantic Spirituality
Arya
Founder- Swami Dayananda Saraswati
wanted to
Revive
convert Non
into
----- Shudhi
Believed in
Supremacy of Vedas
Good
Major Policy
work 4 welfare of
Iconoclasm
Brahmo
Began with
:question: :red_cross:
: :red_cross: evil practices of Sati
to bring
to
DevendraNath Tagore
:red_cross: Christian Missionaries
Urged
-- changes
Kesab Chandra Sen
Started
:red_cross:
:no_entry:
Adi Brahmo
Sadharan Brahmo
:red_cross: Iconography
Medieval
North
Bhakti
translate Sankrit Texts ----> other lang - msg 4m
-
South
reigned 13C
- Alvars
- Nayanars
Belief system
Basic Principles _pre vedic & Vedic philosophies
s
Ardha
Kama
Guru Hargobind
Sikh cults-----> Sikh Corps - Act as Soldier saints /Saint Soldiers
Designed - Two swords
-Symbol of Sikhs ----> Spiritual(piri) and Temporal Miri Authority---> represented as Shakti and Bhakti
Akal Takt & Lohagrah - daily business and Defence
Guru Har Rai & Guru Krishan
:red_cross:Aurangajeb
Guru Arjan
Executed on Jahangirs orders-Kushwant Singh- First Martyrdom of Sikhs
Guru Tej Bahadur
:red_cross:Aurangajeb
Guru Nanak
1469 -1539
Non confirmist e diff vision
Supreme Purpose-Salvation
Right belief
Right conduct
Right worship
New forms of worship-Community Kitchen(langer)
Main Couplet- They who eat fruit of their labour
- ideal life- attend Sangat and Kirtan @ gurudwara / Dharmashala(dining together)
Attraction - Khattari traders- Merchant class - Major followers
Guru Gobind Singh
started Khalsa- Amritdhari
Constitued Nanak Panthis,Bhallas, Udasis
Followed Nanak Authority
Diff.Sahajdhari
:red_cross: Hair
Follows % K(Kacha, Kanga, Kesh, Kirpan, Kara)
Adigranth
Adi Granth: literally means "the first book."Sikh Scriptures by Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru, in 1604.
Practice
Baptised Sikhs-
- Singh
- Kaur
Triptika -Pali
