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Transport Processes (water potential water's chemical potential …

- - - - membrane types
        
        differentially/ selectively permeable allow only certain substances to pass through
        
        active transport molecule that is extremely concentrated on the receiving side
        
        intercellular transport vesicles migrate through the cytoplasm & fuse w/ other organelles
        
        molecular pumps membrane bound that uses energy from ATP to force molecules across the membrane
        
        aquaporins protein channels in membrane
        
        allows for more rapid movement through the membrane
        
        completely impermeable membranes do not allow anything to pass through (isolation barrier)
        
        freely permeable allow all solutes to diffuse through them
- - - - provides much larger surface area to transport more materials
- - - - actively transported within sources are species , sugars that are AT into sieve elements
        
        2 mechanisms seal broken sieve elements
        
        P-protein phloem breaks -> phloem sap rushes to break -> causes p-protein into the cell center -> tangled mass
        
        P-protein plug forms when P-protein is too large to pass through a sieve area/plate
        
        callose polymer within uninjured phloem
      - polymer trap mechanism conducting-cell plasma membranes are permeable to monosaccharides & disaccharides but not polysaccharides
        
        in other species, phloem is loaded in this process
      - mass transfer actual amount of sugars & other nutrients (not water) transported by phloem per hour
      - specific mass transfer mass transfer can be divided by the cross-sectional area of phloem to obtain this
      - sinks sites that receive transported phloem sap & are extremely diverse
- - - - embolism the space in-between the 2 portions caused by cavitation
  - - - the action spectrum opening & closing needs to match the absorption spectrum
    - - this hormone cause guard cells to to close the stomata pore