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Year 10 History (World War Two (Causes & Road to War (Long-term &…

- - - - German expansion
      - Rise of Hitler & the Nazis
      - Great Depression
      - Japanese imperialism & expansion
      - Treaty of Versailles
      - Failure of Appeasement & League of Nations
    - - Practiced by Neville Chamberlain (British PM) at Munich Conference (1938)
      - Ended with invasion of Poland (Sept 1939)
      - Practiced when Hitler & Germany broke terms of Treaty of Versailles (expanded army, expanded territory)
    - - 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor (PM)
      - 1938: German invasion of Czechoslovakia & Munich Conference
      - 1938: Anschluss (German union with Austria)
      - 1939: Nazi-Soviet Pact
      - 1936: Remilitarisation of Rhineland
  - - - 1939-1945
      - 1942-1943: Battle of Stalingrad
      - 1944: D-Day
      - 1939-1941: Blitzkrieg (lightning war)
      - 1939: Invasion of Poland
      - 1941: Operation Barbarossa (German invasion of Russia)
    - - Persecution of Jewish people, homosexuals, people with disabilities, Jehovah's Witnesses, political opponents (Communists), Roma & Sinti (Gypsies) and other 'undesirables' in Nazi Germany
      - Genocide: Mass killing of a people group, based on ethnicity or religion
        
        Resulted in deaths of approximately 6 000 000 Jewish people and 5 000 000 others
      - Key events
        
        1942: Wannsee conference (decision of 'final solution')
        
        1935: Nuremberg Laws passed
        
        1938: Kristallnacht ('Night of Broken Glass' - start of violent persecution of Jews)
        
        Establishment of concentration & extermination camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen-Belsen, Sobibor, Chelmo, Treblinka
  - - - 1937: Japanese invasion of China
      - 1942: Fall of Singapore
      - 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor - leads to US entry into war
      - 1945: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki - led to Japanese surrender, and raises questions about morality
      - 1942: Kokoda campaign - seen as important in influencing Australia's identity ('WW2's Gallipoli')
        
        Hiking over difficult terrain, tropical (hot & humid) conditions, muddy, tropical diseases, difficulty accessing supplies
      - 1942: Naval battles: Coral Sea and Midway
      - Australian POW experience
  - - - Expanded powers of federal government (National Security Act)
        
        Conscription
        
        Censorship
        
        Intro of federal income tax
        
        Propaganda
      - Growing alliance with USA, and weakening alliance with Britain
      - Involvement in United Nations
    - - Greater influence of American culture
      - Changing expectations of women's work
      - Indigenous soldiers experienced greater equality at war, but discrimination at home
      - Mass-migration of European migrants & refugees
      - Internment of Japanese & German Australians
      - Introduction & expansion of welfare system
    - - Rationing
      - Expansion of manufacturing industries
- - - - Martin Luther King Jr
        
        Non-violent protest & boycotts; aiming for desegregation & integration
      - Rosa Parks
        
        Non-violent protest
      - Freedom riders
        
        Non-violent protest
      - Little Rock 9
      - Malcolm X
        
        Black nationalism
      - Black Panther Party for Self-Defence
        
        Black Power, arming for self-defence, food programmes
    - - Brown vs Board of Education (1955) - made segregation in schools illegal
      - March on Washington & Martin Luther King Jr's 'I Have a Dream' Speech (1963)
      - Freedom rides (1961) & sit-ins - protesting segregation in South
      - Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)
      - Assassinations of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr, John F Kennedy, Robert F Kennedy
      - Legal victories: 1964 & 1968 Civil Rights Acts; 1965 Voting Rights Act
      - Murder of Emmett Till (1955)
      - Little Rock 9 attend 'whites only' school (1958)
    - - Lynching, violence and intimidation - Ku Klux Klan
      - Denial of voting rights
      - Segregation and discrimination: Jim Crow laws & Black Codes
      - Slavery: 1600s-1865
      - Great Migration & Harlem Renaissance: 1910s-1920s
      - Establishment of advocacy organisations: NAACP & UNIA
      - Sharecropping
  - - - Charles Perkins (Freedom rides)
      - Faith Bandler (1967 Referendum)
      - Jack Patten (1938 Day of Mourning)
      - Vincent Lingiari (Wave Hill Walk-Off)
      - Eddie Koiki Mabo (Mabo Case)
    - - Forced labour
      - Colonialism, frontier wars & dispossession of land
      - Stolen Generations
      - Denied citizenship & rights (classified as 'flora & fauna')
      - Segregation & separation onto reserves and missions
      - Forced assimilation & attempts to 'breed out'
      - Advocacy organisations: AAPA, AAL, Day of Mourning
    - - Australian Freedom Rides
      - Wave Hill Walk-Off & Gurindji hand-back
      - Mabo ruling, Wik decision & 1994 Native Title Act
      - 1967 Referendum
      - Neville Bonner elected as first Aboriginal representative in Parliament (Qld Senator)
      - Bringing them Home Report
      - Establishment of Aboriginal Tent Embassy
      - Creation ATSIC
  - - - Protest movements - both used non-violent methods
      - Both protested discrimination & segregation
      - Freedom rides
      - Fight for full human and citizenship rights (voting)
      - Both faced significant government & public opposition
      - Both achieved success, but left ongoing struggle for equal rights
      - Aim for integration/reconciliation
    - - Differences in experiences: Stolen Generations, denial of humanity, dispossession of land, etc.
      - Greater violent opposition in USA (KKK)
      - Indigenous emphasis on land rights
      - Transportation vs attempted genocide
      - More organised groups as part of US movement
      - Greater public awareness in USA