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Photosynthesis (Environmental and Internal Factors (Light (quality of…
Photosynthesis
Environmental and Internal Factors
Light
quality of sunlight=colors of wavelengths
quality of light=light intensity
Leaf Structure
http://www.mvstudyguide.com/biology/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/leaf-structure-2-1024x553.jpg
palisade parenchyma above, spongy mesophyll below
Water
retained at night when plants stomata are closed
Crassulacean
C4 Metabolism
photorespiration(break down) energy wasting process
Acid Metabolism
Energy and Reducing Powers
Energy Carriers
pigments enter every reaction necessary=not ok bc difficult to control!
pigments make intermediates that can be controlled. good!
ATP is a good one. when not there use stuff like guanosine triphosphate
ADP to ATP
substrate level phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
photophosphorylation
only in chloroplasts in light
Reducing Power(atom does not carry as many electrons as it could)
reduction reaction=reduces positive charge
reducing power= ability to force electrons onto compounds
electrons added to atom=reduced
tendency to accept or donate electrons varies and is known as redox potential
oxidation reaction= increases positive charges
Oxidizing agents=oxidize material they react with
Other Electron Carriers
cytochromes
small proteins contain heme(holds iron, iron carries electrons, cycles b/w oxid states. part of thylakoid membrane
Plastocyanin
small protein carry electron on metal atom. loosely associated w chloroplast membranes. cant travel far
plastoquinones
transport electrons short distance, pick up 2 electrons, bind w 2 protons hydrocarbon tail=hydrophobic=dissolve easily into lipid comp. of membrane
Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reactions
Stroma Reactions
called dark reactions
carbon dioxide to carbohydrate
in stroma
mol. reacts w carbon dioxide.orbitals rearrange and 2 mol. are formed each with 3 carbos PGA. this is called RUBISCO
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
Nature of Light
quanta, quantum photons
short wave lengths=large amounts of energy
long wave lengths=little amount of energy
humans see 760-390
https://tse4.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.pE20jwVqfxDLurq_hSt2kgHaEN&w=300&h=170&c=7&o=5&pid=1.7
animals see 350-760( plants use for photosynthesis)
Nature of Pigments
pigment(material that absorbs certain wavelengths specifically)
fluorescence(release of light by a pigment)
absorption spectrum(graph shows which wavelengths are most strongly absorbed by a pigment
action spectrum(shows which wavelengths are most effective at powering a photochemical process)
accessory pigments(mol. strongly absorb wavelengths)
resonance(allows chlorophyll b to absorb what chlorophyll a cant)
held in place by proteins called light harvesting complex proteins
photosystem I
p700 bc absorb red light of 700 nm best
ferredoxin(also in thylakoid membrane) reduced to ferredoxin NADP reductase
Photosystem II
loses electrons during reactions
plastocyanin gives electron to chlorophyll a. receives new one from b6f. b6f gets electron from q. q gets one from phaeophytin.