natural selection
preconditions
variation
heredity
competition
Malthus
exponential growth?
checks on reproduction
competition to reproduce
different reproductive success
competition between alleles
advantageous dominant alleles
advantageous recessive alleles
fast increase in frequency
slow increase in frequency
modes of selection
purifying selection
stabilizing selection
directional selection
mutation-selection balance
mutation introduces variation
selection is working to reduce variation
but for many situations there is still genetic variation
heterozygote advantage
negative frequency-dependent selection
force of mutation
inconsistent selection
sexually antagonistic selection
adaption
selection, adaptation, design - adaptionist hypotheses
proximate mechanisms
is it always the optimum?
time lags
genetic correlations
"hitch-hiking" traits
trade-offs
shape of the adaptive landscape - local peak
sexual selection
Bateman´s principle
intrasexual competition
sexual dimorphism
male ornamentation and female choice
"good genes" hypothesis
sex-role reversal
"sexy son" - hypothesis
alternative sexual strategies
female multiple mating/ extra-pair copulation
male alternative reproductive strategies
sexual selection in humans
how to define a biological/ psychological attribute as an adaption?
process of changing and becoming better suited to environment
attribute that helps to survive and reproduce
historical end product of evolutionary processes
ultimate explanations