Fitness components
Aerobic Power
The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to working muscles, allowing whole body activities to be performed over long periods
Factors affecting:
Cardiovascular and respiratory efficiency
Muscle fibre arrangement
Gender/age/genetics
Fitness tests:
VO2 max test
1.6km run test
20m shuttle run (beep test
Harvard step test
Sporting examples:
Marathon
Tour de France
Hiking
Body Composition
The percentage of fat, muscle, and bone in the body.
Factors affecting:
Genetics (women have a higher percentage of fat than men)
Excess body fat (dead weight)
Body Types (Somatotypes)
Fitness tests:
Endomorph (Fat, round)
Mesomorph (muscular, rectangular shape)
Ectomorph (Skinny, tall)
Sporting examples
BMI test
Sum of skin folds
Sumo Wrestling
Dancing
Flexibility
The ability to move muscles or joints at their full-range of motion
Factors affecting:
Joint type
Tissue structures
Body and muscle temperature
Fitness tests:
Sit and reach test
Ankle extension test
Sporting examples:
Gymnastics splits (static)
Hurdles (Dynamic)
Muscular strength
Gender
The maximal force or tension a muscle group can exert against some resistance in one maximal contraction
Factors affecting:
Muscles fibre type
Cross sectional area of a muscle
Age/gender/genetics
Sporting examples:
Rugby scrum
Weight lifting
Fitness testing
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