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Writing (Formality and Style (Sentence Structure (Compound sentence…

- - - - Conjunctions
  - - - Ignore word limit first → Cut words in the end
    - - Verb tenses
      - Punctuation
  - - - By time
      - By process
      - By space
      - By examples or generalization
      - By comparison and contrast
      - By cause and effect
      - By classification
      - By definition
- - - - Make a claim
      - Back up an opinion
      - Challenge a claim
    - - Use academic tone and language
  - - - Qualitative research
      - Quantitate research
  - - - Start w/ a question
      - Identify an inconsistency in the general patterns and find explanation
    - - Substantiate or exemplify a generalization
      - Clarify a statement
    - - Answer 5W's+1H question
      - Answer "How significant, to what extent.."
- - - - Create tensions
        
        Characters making mistakes
        
        Engage difficult emotions
      - Create suspenses
        
        Put an artificial time limit
        
        Drop a hint early in the story
        
        Connect scattered dots
        
        Character twist
      - Types of conflicts
        
        Conflicts between characters
        
        Conflicts between character and the outside world
        
        Conflicts between characters and themselves
      - Create an inciting incident
      - Identify cause-and-effect relationships
    - - Create sensory details (five senses)
      - Create a realist or fantastic world
        
        perspective differences leading to different details (how does a child see? How does an expert see?)
      - Check credibility
    - - Traditional: linear
      - Non-traditional: non-linear (move back and forth in time)
    - - Develop inner lives (thoughts and feelings)
      - Develop outer lives (appearance, habits, behavior)
      - Create dialogue and monologue
      - Background your characters
    - - Write with emotion & empathy
    - - explicitly stated VS requiring reader interpretation
    - - First-hand Experiences VS Second Hand or Family Stories, Stories Partially Yours
    - - Cover 5 W's
  - - - Brainstorming ideas
        
        Objects of personal interest → public/social/artistic significance
        
        Solitary/personal passions
        
        Philosophical passions
        
        Active/public passions
        
        Controversial passions
        
        Personal experiences & Experiences of real people
      - Show not tell
        
        Use allusion #
      - Elements of craft
        
        Rhetorical tools
        
        Imagery
        
        Metaphor
        
        Irony
        
        Symbolism
        
        Alliteration
        
        Rhyme
        
        Consonance
        
        Simile
        
        Use sensory/descriptive details
        
        Use a consistent POV (generally first person)
        
        Charaterization
        
        Clarity/simple language
        
        Dynamic word choice
        
        Symbols/topoi
        
        Voice
        
        Tone
      - Extracting the profund from the mundane
      - Start out with a strong hook/Catch the reader's attention
        
        Start w/ a quote
        
        Start w/ an anecdote
        
        Start w/ a flashback
        
        Start w/ the ending of the story
        
        Place your reader in the middle of an action
        
        State your argument directly
      - Move from the particular to the general, from the me to the we, from theory to practice
      - Play with emotions
        
        Connect the inner and the outer worlds
    - - Structure
        
        Body
        
        Climax/turning point
        
        Events as support evidence
        
        Opening
        
        The hook
        
        Set the scene
        
        Thesis statement
        
        Ending
        
        Reflect on the significance of the event
      - Writing process
      - Types
        
        Autobiographical narrative essay (a memorable event)
        
        Descriptive narrative essay (a situation, memory, experience, etc.)
      - Choose a topic
        
        A conflict/challenge
        
        Remember influential people
        
        A change or growth
        
        Defining moments in life
        
        Recreate important times or places
        
        Answer thought-provoking questions
        
        Trace a characteristic back
    - - Reflect on an issue that concerns the world
      - Present your opinions and feelings
      - Discuss the impacts of the issue
      - Describe others' & yours suggestions
    - - Find your true voice
        
        Be authentic
        
        Pull out objects of nostalgia
        
        Allow emotions flow
      - Relate to the experiences of others
      - Share the wisdom of others