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Unit-1:The Computer (Computer Hardware Components (Ports (Serial Port,…
Unit-1:The Computer
Computer Hardware Components
Input/Output (I/O) devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Hard Drive
Motherboard
Ports
Serial Port
Monitor Ports
Parallel Port
USB Port
Firewire / IEEE 1394 Port
PS/2 Port
Ethernet Port
Power Supply (SMPS)
Expansion Cards
Sound Card
Graphics Card
Network Card
CD ROM & CD - RW
DVD ROM & DVD RW
Floppy Drive
Fan
Heatsink
The Little Parts - Capacitors, Resistors, Transistors
Generation of Computers
1st Generation (1946 - 1956)
made with the use of vacuum tubes.
Ex: ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrator and Computer) ; UNIVAC (Universal Accounting company)
Disadvantages
Occupied lot of space;
Consumed lot of power;
Produced lot of heat;
Costly system.
computers used machine language for programming
2nd Generation (1957 - 1963)
made with transistors
computers used assembly language
Ex: IBM 7090; IBM 7094
Advantages
Less expensive;
Consumed less power;
Produced little heat;
Less cost and word at higher speed.
3rd Generation (1964 - 1981)
made with the use of Integrated circuits
used high level language
Ex: IBM 370; Cyber 175
4th Generation (1982 - 1989)
built with microprocessor use VLSI chips for both cpu and memory
Ex: CRAY-2; IBM 3090
5th Generation (1990 - till now)
use ULSI chip contains thousands of components into a single IC.
Aim of these computers is to develop the artificial intelligence (AI)
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Prepared by -
Srinivas Adapa, Associate Professor,
CSE Department, CITM