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CHEMICAL TESTS (Cations (copper (flame test (green), add sodium hydroxide…
CHEMICAL TESTS
Cations
calcium
flame test
orange / red
copper
flame test
green
add sodium hydroxide
blue precipitate (Cu(OH)2
pottasium
flame test
lilac
iron (II)
add sodium hydroxide
green precipitate (Fe(OH)2
sodium
flame test
yellow
iron (III)
add sodium hydroxide
brown precipitate Fe(OH)3
lithium
red
Ammonium
add sodium hydroxide
no precipitate
releases pungent gas through effervescence
copper
blue green
anions
bromide
add silver nitrate
cream precipitate
add nitric acid
iodide
add silver nitrate
yellow precipitate
add nitric acid
chloride
add silver nitrate
white precipitate
add nitric acid
sulphate
add barium chloride
white precipitate
add hydrochloric acid
carbonate
add hydrochloric acid
effervescence
gas
oxygen O2
put a GLOWING splint into a test tube of oxygen
splint should relight
hydrogen
put a lighted splint into a test tube of hydrogen
there will be a squeaky pop sound
carbon dioxide CO2
bubble into limewater
it should turn cloudy
ammonia
put damp red litmus paper in a test tube of ammonia
pungent smell and litmus paper turns blue
chlorine Cl-
put damp blue litmus paper in a test tube of chlorine
the litmus paper should turn red
water
physical tests
TEST FOR PURITY
boil liquid and measure the temp it boils (water boils at 100 degrees c)
test liquids melting point (water has a melting point of 0 degrees)
chemical tests
CuSO4 H2O (anhydrous salt)
add water (exothermic)
CuSO4.5H2O Hydrated salt
blue salt
heat (endothermic)
White salt
REVERSIBLE